[en] Tectonic features observed by the Mariner-10 spacecraft on Mercury are summarized, and the observations are related to the accepted models of planetary evolution. The most significant tectonic features exhibited by Mercury are a global grid system, a unique network of lobate scarps, structures associated with the Caloris basin, and local extensional features. The tectonic events responsible for each of these structures are discussed, and new models are proposed to explain the observed features

[en] A brief summary of our knowledge on the Martian geology is presented here based on the results published by the members of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter Imaging Teams, the NASA Planetary Geology Principal Investigators and the scientists involved in the Mars Data Analysis Program. A special emphasis is given to the geologic evolution (volcanism and tectonism) related to our knowledge on the internal structure of the planet

[en] An inventory of tectonic trends observed in the MC 17 (Phoenicis Lacus) and MC 18 (Coprates) Mars quadrangles, has been constructed on the basis of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter images, with regard to their structural significance within the martian history. A scenario for the principal periods and their mechanisms, is proposed with regard to the uplift of the Tharsis Montes-Syria Planum dome. (Auth.)

[en] With regard to the Earth or to Mars, the Moon and Mercury look like tectonicless planetary bodies, and the prominent morphologies of these two planets are due to impact and volcanic processes. Despite these morphologies, several types of tectonic activities may be shown. Statistical studies of lineaments direction indicate that Mercury, as well as the Moon, have a planet wide lineament pattern, known as a ''grid''. Statistical studies of Mercury scarps and the Moon grabens indicate an interaction between planetary lithospheric evolution and large impact basins. Detailed studies of the largest basins indicate specific tectonic motions directly or indirectly related to impacts. These three tectonic types have been compared on each planet. The first tectonic type seems to be identical for Mercury and the Moon. But the two other types seem to be different, and are consistent with the planets' thermal evolution

[en] The properties of several hybrid mass relations are examined through the study of (i) statistical tests, (ii) systematic effects, and (iii) the structure of the solutions of partial difference equations. The usefulness of the relations is discussed. Mass relations based on the effective neutron-proton interaction and on derivatives thereof have particularly small relation inaccuracies

[en] Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a parametric instability which can reduce the efficiency of the coupling between the laser beams and the fusion target by throwing the laser light outside the target. SBS is a three wave interaction in which the incident electromagnetic wave decays into an ion acoustic wave and a scattered light wave. An important issue for inertial fusion experiments is the level of saturation of this instability. It is very difficult to predict as it is mainly controlled by non linear processes which are difficult to model. From the experimental point of view, the results strongly depend on the interaction conditions and the LMJ conditions have not been tested yet. Most of the previous evaluation of the saturation level of SBS were based on time and space-integrated reflectivity measurements. We demonstrate in new experiments that time and space-resolved measurements can produce much higher reflectivities than the average. These results were obtained with the six-beam LULI laser facility in which we have studied the interaction of a 1.053 μm beam with a performed plasma. Two-dimensional gated optical images of the backward SBS areas were obtained and compared with the laser intensity distribution at the same plane inside the plasma. Space and time-resolved reflectivities as high as 70% were observed. The increase of SBS with laser intensity was correlated with an increase of the emission area. In the saturated regime of the reflectivity as a function of laser intensity, secondary ion acoustic waves produced by the decay of the primary ion acoustic waves were observed using Thomson scattering. This demonstrates for the first time the participation of this process in the saturation of SBS. Interpretation of these results was done using the code HarmoNHY. The propagation of an RPP beam and of a single hot spot were calculated and stimulated Brillouin backscattering was evaluated with diagnostics similar to those used in the experiment. (Author)

[en] The acquisition techniques, including some important dosimetric considerations, and the reconstruction methods reviewing the tomographic, broncho-graphic and endoscopic techniques are first taken into consideration. They are applied to the most usual problems and diseases encountered in the daily activity: pitfalls of interpretation of the tracheobronchial tree; management of hemoptysis; preoperative of proximal bronchial carcinoma; aids and complements to diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy. The main purpose of this review, which merges the modern technology of spiral (helical) CT with the multislice acquisition in the very near future, consists in delivering, whenever possible, an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approach of imaging, endoscopy and surgery. (authors)

No abstract available

[en] This paper presents an in situ damage identification method to characterize the thickness and location of a notch in a one-dimensional lap joint. The approach uses the propagation of flexural waves generated by a piezoceramic (PZT) to evaluate the global reflection coefficient of a complex structure such as a lap joint. A transmission line model (TLM) is used to describe the theoretical reflection coefficient from healthy and damaged lap joints. Parameters from the lap joint are identified in two steps from the experimental measurement of the reflection coefficient. The first step is a calibration step which gives, for the healthy lap joint, the length of the lap joint and distance between the measurement point and the lap joint. The identification of these parameters is performed by minimizing a cost function evaluated for different combinations of parameters. The second step allows us to obtain the parameters associated with the notch, which are its location and thickness. Several cases of healthy and damaged lap joints are conducted and very good results are achieved for the identification of the parameters

[en] The cone beam X-ray transform modelizes the measurements of new 3D medical imaging devices using 2D detectors, for instance X-ray transmission tomography using image intensifiers or gamma-ray emission tomographs using convergent collimators. The most commonly used reconstruction algorithm performs cone beam back projection. But it induces some distortions for objects far from the pane of the cone apex. The authors have established an exact formulate between the cone beam X-ray transform and the first derivative of the 3D Radon transform. It shows that the distortions are induced by the shadow zone in the Radon domain related to the places which intersect the object but not the apex trajectory. In the Radon domain, it becomes possible to restore the missing information by interpolation. Then the reconstruction principle is to compute and to invert the first derivative of the Radon transform. In this paper, the authors compare these two algorithms on reconstruction performed on simulated acquisitions. The authors study the shape and level distortions along lines parallel to the rotation axis. The authors present an analysis of the axial and radial variations of the Modulation transfert Function (MTF) and of their distortions