[en] Producing nuclear energy in order to reduce the anthropic CO₂ emission requires major technological advances. Nuclear plants of 4. generation have to respond to several constraints, as safety improvements, fuel breeding and radioactive waste minimization. For this purpose, it seems promising to use Thorium Cycle in Molten Salt Reactors. Studies on this domain have already been carried out. However, the final concept suffered from serious issues and was discontinued. A new reflection on this topic is being led in order to find acceptable solutions, and to design the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor concept. A nuclear reactor is simulated by the coupling of a neutron transport code with a materials evolution code. This allows us to reproduce the reactor behavior and its evolution all along its operation. Thanks to this method, we have studied a large number of reactor configurations. We have evaluated their efficiency through a group of constraints they have to satisfy. This work leads us to a better understanding of many physical phenomena controlling the reactor behavior. As a consequence, several efficient configurations have been discovered, allowing the emergence of new points of view in the research of Molten Salt Reactors. (author)

[en] This paper presents general aspects of the antimatter that offers new possibilities in cosmology and astrophysics but also promotes in medicine the medical imagery for the cancer diagnostic (the antiproton therapy). Different aspects of the antimatter are considered. It deals first with the instrumentation: the AD (Antiproton Decelerator) of the CERN, braking ring that produces 10 millions of antiproton per hours. Ten question-answer about the subject are abstracted to better understand this theory. It presents the AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer), that analysed ten millions particles (anti-electrons and antiprotons) during its fly with Discovery. Antimatter, as the matter mirror, don't respect the symmetry laws. The authors explain these symmetry violations. (A.L.B.)

[en] Since the beginning of the 70's, the growing concern from the public opinion and the scientific community for the waste incineration issue made people aware of a number of difficulties of the process and the potential risks linked to it. For example checking the good functioning conditions of the facilities has been made compulsory through the continuous emission monitoring of a number of parameters. The ministerial decree from the 20 September 2002 brings something new: the monitoring of the impact of the facilities on its nearby environment. This monitoring comes in addition to the existing continuous monitoring of some gaseous compounds of the incineration process, and widens the scale of the monitoring to the environment of the incineration facilities. But there is no further information in the ministerial decree about the methods available to match this requirement. Incineration facilities' managers have to face a close deadline (28 December 2005) and have to make the optimal choice of a technique matching these requirements but also the needs of their facilities. The aim of this study is to help incineration facilities' managers thanks to an overview as large as possible of the different techniques available. Managers will have to take into account the characteristics of the methods and their adequacy with the local contexts of their sites. This document is meant to be a support for dealing with this issue. (authors)

[en] Results are given on a study of 50 cases of dorsal brain cavity tumours examined by sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate brain scintigraphy. From an analysis of these results it seems that the first etiological argument in the diagnosis of these tumours is their topography. Moreover the hyperfixation variation with time appears to be less reliable as a criterion than in the etiological diagnosis of tumours of the supratensorial stage

[en] Sup(99m)Tc pyrophosphate and sup(99m)Tc organic phosphorous compounds showed preferential uptake by the human skeleton which allowed the external imaging of normal and pathological bones. The mode of formation and the structure of the labelled pyrophosphate remains poorly understood. Three possibilities were proposed: a) Sn (II) ions reduce pertechnetate ions to a chemical form which allows the binding of Tc with pyrophosphate. b) Sn (II) ions are first bound to pyrophosphate then, exchange with Tc in the appropriate chemical form. c) A double Tc-Sn-pyrophosphate is formed. The chemical reaction which occured during the first step of the preparation, was determined

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[en] Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) is known to be markedly concentrated in bone. Labelled with sup(99m)Tc, it is a routinely used radiopharmaceutical for bone scanning. From the similarity of rhenium and technetium chemical properties, EHDP might be labelled with ¹⁸⁶Re. The physical properties of this isotope are convenient for β-therapy and its γ-emission allows its external detection. This communication describes the preparation of ¹⁸⁶Re labelled EHDP and the bone seeking of this agent in rats as seen by external scanning. (author)

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[en] Although they have been included in the Generation-IV International Forum selection of reactor systems, Molten Salt Reactors have often been considered only as versions of the old MSBR concept. This concept suffers from several problems that have not yet been solved. We have worked on these issues with simulation tools, using a coupling between a neutron transport code and an evolution code. We have simulated numerous reactor configurations in order to obtain a sustainable concept, the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor. This paper focuses on the advantages of a fast spectrum MSR in terms of safety, breeding capability and materials life span. Several options may be considered to optimize the reactor, in terms either of feasibility or of fissile inventory. (author)