[en] Internal gravity waves constitute an efficient process for angular momentum transport over large distances. They are now seen as an important ingredient in understanding the evolution of rotation, and could explain the Sun's quasi-flat rotation profile. Because the Sun's rotation frequency is of the same order as that of the waves, it is necessary to refine our description of wave propagation and to take into account the action of the Coriolis acceleration in a coherent way. To achieve this aim, we adopt the Traditional Approximation which is verified in stellar radiation zones. We present the modified transport equations and their numerical evaluation in a parameter range that is significant for the Sun. The effectiveness of gravity waves, which become gravito-inertial waves, is reduced while new type of waves, namely the Rossby, the Yanai and the Kelvin waves appear with their associated transport.

[en] Gravito-inertial waves are excited at the interface of convective and radiative regions and by the Reynolds stresses in the bulk of the convection zones of rotating stars and planets. Such waves have notable asteroseismic signatures in the frequency spectra of rotating stars, particularly among rapidly rotating early-type stars, which provides a means of probing their internal structure and dynamics. They can also transport angular momentum, chemical species, and energy from the excitation region to where they dissipate in radiative regions. To estimate the excitation and convective parameter dependence of the amplitude of those waves, a monomodal model for stellar and planetary convection as described in Paper I is employed, which provides the magnitude of the rms convective velocity as a function of rotation rate. With this convection model, two channels for wave driving are considered: excitation at a boundary between convectively stable and unstable regions and excitation due to Reynolds stresses. Parameter regimes are found where the sub-inertial waves may carry a significant energy flux, depending upon the convective Rossby number, the interface stiffness, and the wave frequency. The super-inertial waves can also be enhanced, but only for convective Rossby numbers near unity. Interfacially excited waves have a peak energy flux near the lower cutoff frequency when the convective Rossby number of the flows that excite them are below a critical Rossby number that depends upon the stiffness of the interface, whereas that flux decreases when the convective Rossby number is larger than this critical Rossby number.

[en] We present a method to characterize the spectral transfers of magnetic energy between scales in simulations of stellar convective dynamos. The full triadic transfer functions are computed thanks to analytical coupling relations of spherical harmonics based on the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. The method is applied to mean field αΩ dynamo models as benchmark tests. From a physical standpoint, the decomposition of the dynamo field into primary and secondary dynamo families proves very instructive in the αΩ case. The same method is then applied to a fully turbulent dynamo in a solar convection zone, modeled with the three-dimensional MHD Anelastic Spherical Harmonics code. The initial growth of the magnetic energy spectrum is shown to be non-local. It mainly reproduces the kinetic energy spectrum of convection at intermediate scales. During the saturation phase, two kinds of direct magnetic energy cascades are observed in regions encompassing the smallest scales involved in the simulation. The first cascade is obtained through the shearing of the magnetic field by the large-scale differential rotation that effectively cascades magnetic energy. The second is a generalized cascade that involves a range of local magnetic and velocity scales. Non-local transfers appear to be significant, such that the net transfers cannot be reduced to the dynamics of a small set of modes. The saturation of the large-scale axisymmetric dipole and quadrupole is detailed. In particular, the dipole is saturated by a non-local interaction involving the most energetic scale of the magnetic energy spectrum, which points to the importance of the magnetic Prandtl number for large-scale dynamos.

No abstract available

[en] The existence of stable magnetic configurations in white dwarfs, neutron stars, and various non-convective stellar regions is now well recognized. It has recently been shown numerically that various families of equilibria, including axisymmetric mixed poloidal-toroidal configurations, are stable. Here we test the stability of an analytically derived non-force-free magnetic equilibrium resulting from an initial relaxation (self-organization) process, using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations: the obtained mixed configuration is compared with the dynamical evolution of its purely poloidal and purely toroidal components, both known to be unstable. The mixed equilibrium shows no sign of instability under white noise perturbations. This configuration therefore provides a good description of magnetic equilibrium topology inside non-convective stellar objects and will be useful to initialize magneto-rotational transport in stellar evolution codes and in multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations.

[en] Helioseismology puts strong constraints on the internal sound speed and on the rotation profile in the radiative zone. Young stars of solar type are more active and faster rotators than the Sun. So we begin to build models which include different rotation histories and compare the results with all the solar observations. The profiles of the rotation we get have interesting consequence for the introduction of magnetic field in the radiative zone. We discuss also the impact of mass loss deduced from measured flux of young stars. We deduce from these comparisons some quantitative effect of the dynamical processes (rotation, magnetic field and mass loss) of these early stages on the present sound speed and density. We show finally how we can improve our present knowledge of the radiative zone with PICARD and GOLFNG.

[en] Planets in close-in orbits interact magnetically and tidally with their host stars. These interactions lead to a net torque that makes close-in planets migrate inward or outward depending on their orbital distance. We systematically compare the strength of magnetic and tidal torques for typical observed star–planet systems (T-Tauri and hot Jupiter, M-dwarf and Earth-like planet, K star and hot Jupiter) based on state-of-the-art scaling laws. We find that depending on the characteristics of the system, tidal or magnetic effects can dominate. For very close-in planets, we find that both torques can make a planet migrate on a timescale as small as 10–100 thousands of years. Both effects thus have to be taken into account when predicting the evolution of compact systems.

[en] The computation of models of stars for which solar-like oscillations have been observed is discussed. After a brief intoduction on the observations of solar-like oscillations, the modelling of isolated stars and of stars belonging to a binary system is presented with specific examples of recent theoretical calibrations. Finally the input physics introduced in stellar evolution codes for the computation of solar-type stars is discussed with a peculiar emphasis on the modelling of rotation for these stars.

[en] Since the detection of the asymptotic properties of the dipole gravity modes in the Sun, the quest to find individual gravity modes has continued. An extensive and deeper analysis of 14 years of continuous GOLF/SoHO observational data, unveils the presence of a pattern of peaks that could be interpreted as individual dipole gravity modes in the frequency range between 60 and 140 microHz, with amplitudes compatible with the latest theoretical predictions. By collapsing the power spectrum we have obtained a quite constant splitting for these patterns in comparison to regions where no g modes were expected. Moreover, the same technique applied to simultaneous VIRGO/SoHO data unveils some common signals between the power spectra of both instruments. Thus, we are able to identify and characterize individual g modes with their central frequencies, amplitudes and splittings allowing to do seismic inversions of the rotation profile inside the solar core. These results open a new light on the physics and dynamics of the solar deep core.