[en] The discussion deals with hyperfine interactions in oriented nuclear states and is restricted to dipole and quadrupole interactions. Three types of experiments are examined: (1) perturbed angular correlation techniques; (2) nuclear orientation produced by low temperature, polarized neutron capture, and optical pumping techniques; and (3) Moessbauer effect in oriented systems. Features of hyperfine interactions in free atoms and gases, liquids, and solids are illustrated. (21 figures, 1 table, 29 references) (U.S.)

[en] This paper introduces a postulate explicitly forbidding the extraction of an infinite amount of energy from a thermodynamic system. It also introduces the assumption that no measuring equipment is capable of detecting arbitrarily small energy exchanges. The Kelvin formulation of the second law is reinterpreted accordingly. Then statements related to both the unattainability version and the entropic version of the third law are derived. The value of any common thermodynamic potential of a one-component system at absolute zero of temperature is ascertained if some assumptions with regard to the state space can be made. The point of view is the phenomenological, macroscopic and non-statistical one of classical thermodynamics.

[en] The connection between parton distributions as a function of the impact parameter and off-forward parton distributions is discussed in the limit of vanishing skewedness parameter ζ, i.e. when the off-forwardness is purely transverse. For the 2^nd moment it is also illustrated how to relate ζ ≠ 0 data to ζ = 0 data, which is important for experimental measurements of these observables

[en] We analyze the highest weight representations of the N=1 Ramond algebra using ordering properties of the algebra. In particular we obtain ordering kernel expressions for all (primitive) N=1 Ramond singular vectors. After choosing a suitable ordering for the N=1 Ramond algebra generators we compute the ordering kernel, which turns out to be two-dimensional for complete Verma modules and one-dimensional for G-closed Verma modules. These two-dimensional ordering kernels allow us to derive multiplication rules for singular vector operators and lead to expressions for degenerate singular vectors. Using these multiplication rules we study descendant singular vectors and derive the Ramond embedding diagrams for the rational models. We explain their differences to embedding diagrams previously suggested in the literature. Our method also confirms the recent findings by Iohara and Koga that certain Verma modules over the N=1 Ramond algebra contain degenerate (2-dimensional) singular vector spaces and that for Verma modules with conformal weight Δ=c/24 (Verma modules with Ramond ground states) the modules can even contain subsingular vectors. We give all explicit examples for singular vectors, degenerate singular vectors, and subsingular vectors until level 3

[en] We illustrate, in a simple physical picture, how an axial asymmetry in impact parameter dependent parton distributions, in combination with final state interactions, can give rise to an axial asymmetry for the transverse momentum of the leading quark in the photo-production of hadrons. The effect is related to the asymmetry originating from the Wilson-line phase factor in gauge invariant Sivers distributions. We also explain the correlation between the sign of the anomalous magnetic moment and the sign of the Sivers asymmetry

[en] We expand on an idea of Seiberg that an N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theory shows confinement without breaking of chiral symmetry when the gauge symmetry of its magnetic dual is completely broken by the Higgs effect. This has recently been applied to some models involving tensor fields and an appropriate tree-level superpotential. We show how the confining spectrum of a supersymmetric gauge theory can easily be derived when a magnetic dual is known and we determine it explicitly for many models containing fields in second rank tensor representations. We also give the form of the confining superpotential for most of these models

[en] It has been proposed that gauge and Kaehler anomalies in four-dimensional type IIB orientifolds are cancelled by a generalized Green-Schwarz mechanism involving exchange of twisted RR-fields. We explain how this can be understood using the well-known duality between linear and chiral multiplets. We find that all the twisted fields associated to the N=1 sectors and some of the fields associated to the N=2 sectors reside in linear multiplets. But there are no linear multiplets associated to order-two twists. Only the linear multiplets contribute to anomaly cancellation. This suffices to cancel all U(1) anomalies. In the case of Kaehler symmetries the complete SL(2,R) can be restored at the quantum level for all planes that are not fixed by an order-two twist

[en] We present a new chiral expansion scheme for the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude which preserves unitarity exactly. Our effective field theory builds on the power counting rules for 2-nucleon reducible diagrams. We evaluate the leading order terms of the isospin one scattering amplitude and elaborate in detail on the ¹S₀ phase shift. Our chiral description of the ¹S₀-phase shift does compete in quality with modern phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials. We describe elastic and inelastic scattering quantitatively up to laboratory energies of E_lab≅600 MeV

[en] The NA48 experiment at the CERN SPS measures the direct CP violation parameter Re(ε'/ε) in the neutral kaon system with an intended precision of 2x10^-4. Thus, the data acquisition system has to handle peak rates up to 150 MByte/s during a 2.5 s beam burst and flat rates up to 20 MByte/s during on-line processing. The NA48 on-line PC farm includes 24 PentiumII-266MHz PCs connected via switched fast ethernet network. This farm receives data from the detector systems and performs event building. Afterwards the data are transferred via an optical gigabit ethernet link to the NA48 central data recording system at CERN computer center. In addition, trigger and checking processes can be applied. The software on the farm is implemented as client/server applications and represents a highly flexible, fail safe, and scalable system. During data taking, in 1999, 100 TByte were collected, processed, and stored by the acquisition system with an overall efficiency of 99%

[en] The ‘food vs. fuel’ debate inspired the concept of indirect land use change (iLUC). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors for iLUC are proposed for inclusion into carbon footprints (CF) of biofuels. The range of published iLUC values is enormous: from about 200% below, up to 1700% above the CF values of fossil fuels. From the perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA) and CF science, single iLUC factors are currently more representative for the approach or model used than for the crop or biofuel assessed. The scientific robustness is not sufficient for political and corporate decision making. None of the relevant international standards of LCA or CF require the inclusion of iLUC. The iLUC concept deserves credit for raising awareness of a relevant problem but it is not the solution. Science and policy should focus on proactive real world mitigation of iLUC rather than reactive and theoretical iLUC factors. - Highlights: • There are international accounting standards for LCA and CF but not for iLUC. • LCA and CF are based on physical flows; iLUC is based on market predictions. • Published iLUC values range from 200% below, up to 1700% above the CF of fossil fuels. • No relevant international standard of LCA or CF requires the inclusion of iLUC. • iLUC was successful at raising awareness but it will not help mitigation