[en] Technological progress, changed measuring tasks and steadily increasing accuracy requirements necessarily lead to the new and continued development of measuring instruments. The following article is intended to provide an outlook on future instruments, this topic being considered from two view-points: 1. new development of instruments that will be commercially available in the near future; and 2. publication of some investigation results which provide information about the technical capabilities of measuring principles and methods that might lead to the development of new instruments. From the viewpoint of new instruments, only the precision inclination meter NIVEL 20 will be briefly described, since the Laser Tracking System also to be expected in 1990 is presented in a separate publication. A second part describes the technical possibilities for the further development of distance meters based on the measuring principle used in the Mekometer ME5000. In particular, the authors report on the possibilities for the development of a two-color distance meter and a distance meter for short distances (2m-200m) with accuracies in the area of 10-20 μm

[en] Using a Bangerter cannula contrast medium (Telebrix 30 Meglumine) was instilled for retrograde urography in adult, female mice. Afterwards localization, size and shape of the urinary bladder were examined by computer tomography. (author)

[en] This contribution describes a method to calculate hydrodynamic forces acting on pipes by applying the surface integral method. These fluid forces were calculated based on measured pressure time histories from a piping system during blowdown with subsequent closing of a check-valve. A prediction of the structural response of the piping system was done with these forces and compared to measured displacements. (orig.)

[en] Causes for defects in crystal growth and those due to preparation are described with regard to requirements to GGG substrates used in bubble memory chips. Origin, proof, and avoidance of said defects are discussed. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Detectors made from CdTe photoconductors are being used with great success in LEP to monitor the vertical beam emittance. They can withstand tremendous irradiation of up to 10¹³ Gy from hard X-rays. For the LHC it is proposed to measure the relative luminosity with monitors located inside absorbers 142 m downstream of the interaction points. The detectors will receive an integrated dose of about 10⁸ Gy per year there, where the high neutron flux is of particular concern. Thick polycrystalline-CdTe detectors were recently tested for speed, sensitivity before and after receiving up to 10¹⁵ neutrons/cm². The test results are presented here, along with a comparison of the calculated charge deposition in silicon, diamond and GaAs detectors

[en] Fluid inclusions in quartzes of the Olkiluoto bedrock contain gaseous N₂, CO₂, H₂, CH₄, and higher hydrocarbons in varying proportions. Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of the gas phases give valuable information on their origin and the formation conditions. In previous studies, a method to liberate and quantify the gases trapped in fluid inclusions was developed. It allowed determining the carbon isotope signatures of liberated CO₂, CH₄ and higher hydrocarbons (HHC), but no hydrogen isotope data were acquired. The method was advanced and, in this study, also stable hydrogen isotopes of CH₄ and H₂ liberated from fluid inclusions could be analysed. The stable carbon signatures of methane and higher hydrocarbons, as well as the hydrogen isotope signatures of methane indicate a predominant thermogenic provenance for those gases. (orig.)

[en] Reducing the rather long acquisition times of proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is one of the steps towards making this non-invasive tool for mapping metabolite concentrations clinically useful. One approach is sensitivity encoding (SENSE), which makes use of a receiver coil array to reduce the number of data acquisition steps. This work shows that, using this method, scan time can be reduced by a factor of four in conventional MRSI (CSI) as well as in the already fast 'Turbo Spectroscopic Imaging' (TSI) technique. In this fashion a 32x32 MRSI measurement can be accomplished in only 3 minutes. Results of in vivo SENSE-CSI and SENSE-TSI measurements are presented and compared with conventional MRSI. (author)

[en] This paper discusses the barriers to public confidence in the safety of high level radioactive waste facilities and how they can be overcome. Public involvement is explored and the implications of various approaches are presented

No abstract available