[en] The thesis presents radio and x-ray observations of a sample of 43 3CR radio galaxies. The x-ray observations were obtained using the Einstein X-ray Observatory. Most of the sources were observed with the Imaging Proportional Counter, and several with the High Resolution Imager. Radio galaxies in rich clusters of galaxies were found to have both extended x-ray emission and point-like components. The point-like emission from isolated galaxies was shown to be correlated with nuclear activity in those galaxies. The radio galaxies appeared to have the same optical and x-ray properties as Seyfert galaxies, and the radio galaxies with double radio morphology had the same x-ray and radio properties as quasars with double radio morphology. Radio observations of the galaxies were made, and maps of their extended bridge structures and ''hotspots'' at higher resolution were presented. Detailed comparisons between the x-ray and radio data for 5 ''isolated'' double radio galaxies were also carried out. (U.K.)

[en] The paper concerns the search for distant quasars to give information on the birth and early life of the Universe. Astronomers use the redshift of distant galaxies to determine their distances. The detection of quasars using radio, ultraviolet and optical wavelengths is described. The declining number of quasars is discussed. Also the use of distant quasars to reveal composition, density and temperature of gases in front of quasars is briefly outlined. (UK)

[en] Despite their simple chemical formula and hexagonal structure, the magnetic and electrical properties of the family of rare-earth silicides R₅Si₃ have not been systematically investigated. To begin our systematic study of this system, we have synthesized Ho₅Si₃ and completed magnetic and resistivity measurements on this sample. AC susceptibility measurements show Ho₅Si₃ to have μ_eff=10.5μ_B/Ho atom and θ=16.5 K. Magnetic measurements indicate that Ho₅Si₃ undergoes two transitions at low temperatures, the first at 24 K is an antiferromagnetic transition, while the second, at about 8 K, is ferromagnetic. Low temperature measurements as a function of field reveal a metamagnetic transition at H_c=2.2 T. The behavior of this sample is consistent with the complicated low temperature ordering found in other members of this series. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics

[en] 

Introduction

: Clinical decision-making is challenging in patients who undergo cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) when complete cytoreduction is not feasible. Nevertheless, some patients still benefit with long-term survival after incomplete CRS/HIPEC. There is currently no robust predictive tool that can assist clinical decision-making in this setting.

Methods

: We quantified gene expression of 79 appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) from patients with incomplete CRS/HIPEC (R2 resection) using a custom NanoString gene panel. Using our previously defined, prognostic subtype classification algorithm based on signed nonnegative matrix factorization, we classified AMN cases into three molecular subtypes termed: immune enriched (IE), mixed (M), and oncogene enriched (OE). Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to associate subtypes and individual genes with overall survival (OS).

Results

: Median overall survival (OS) was 7.7 years for IE, 3.6 years for M, and 1.4 years for OE. Compared with IE, OE was associated with significantly lower survival [hazard ratio (HR) 3.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–8.13; p  = 0.0017]. The differences were observed in both low-grade and high-grade tumors. While only two genes were identified to be associated with OS in low-grade tumors, multiple genes were identified to be associated with OS in high-grade tumors, particularly genes with functions in cell cycle/proliferation, mucin production, immune pathways, and cell adhesion/migration.

Conclusion

: Genetic signatures have prognostic value in patients with incomplete cytoreduction and provide valuable information to assist clinical and operative decision-making. Unraveling genetic alterations and involved pathways can direct efforts to design novel therapeutic modalities.

[en] We present properties of moderately massive clusters of galaxies detected by the newly developed Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope using weak gravitational lensing. Eight peaks exceeding a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 4.5 are identified on the convergence S/N map of a 2.3 deg² field observed during the early commissioning phase of the camera. Multi-color photometric data are used to generate optically selected clusters using the Cluster finding algorithm based on the Multiband Identification of Red-sequence galaxies algorithm. The optical cluster positions were correlated with the peak positions from the convergence map. All eight significant peaks have optical counterparts. The velocity dispersion of clusters is evaluated by adopting the Singular Isothemal Sphere fit to the tangential shear profiles, yielding virial mass estimates, $M_{{500}_c}$, of the clusters which range from 2.7 × 10¹³ to 4.4 × 10 ${}^{14}{M}_{\odot <!--\; ???\; -->}$. The number of peaks is considerably larger than the average number expected from ΛCDM cosmology but this is not extremely unlikely if one takes the large sample variance in the small field into account. We could, however, safely argue that the peak count strongly favors the recent Planck result suggesting a high ${\mathrm{\sigma <!--\; ??\; -->}}_8$ value of 0.83. The ratio of stellar mass to the dark matter halo mass shows a clear decline as the halo mass increases. If the gas mass fraction, f_g, in halos is universal, as has been suggested in the literature, the observed baryon mass in stars and gas shows a possible deficit compared with the total baryon density estimated from the baryon oscillation peaks in anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background.

[en] We measured stacked weak lensing cluster masses for a sample of 1323 galaxy clusters detected by the RedGOLD algorithm in the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey W1 and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey at $0.2<<!--\; <\; -->z<<!--\; <\; -->0.5$, in the optical richness range $10<<!--\; <\; -->\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; ??\; -->}<<!--\; <\; -->70$. This is the most comprehensive lensing study of a $\sim <!--\; ???\; -->100\mathrm{\%<!--\; \%\; -->}$ complete and $\sim <!--\; ???\; -->80\mathrm{\%<!--\; \%\; -->}$ pure optical cluster catalog in this redshift range. We test different mass models, and our final model includes a basic halo model with a Navarro Frenk and White profile, as well as correction terms that take into account cluster miscentering, non-weak shear, the two-halo term, the contribution of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy, and an a posteriori correction for the intrinsic scatter in the mass–richness relation. With this model, we obtain a mass–richness relation of $\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}{M}_{200}/M_{\odot <!--\; ???\; -->}=(14.46\pm <!--\; ??\; -->0.02)+(1.04\pm <!--\; ??\; -->0.09)\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}(\mathrm{\lambda <!--\; ??\; -->}/40)$ (statistical uncertainties). This result is consistent with other published lensing mass–richness relations. We give the coefficients of the scaling relations between the lensing mass and X-ray mass proxies, L _X and T _X, and compare them with previous results. When compared to X-ray masses and mass proxies, our results are in agreement with most previous results and simulations, and consistent with the expected deviations from self-similarity.