[en] In 1990, the K-600 neutron generator was operated for 600 hours as follows: 1) It took 160 hours to provide neutron beams to irradiate wheat seeds for the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Gansu province and the Institute of District Agricultural Sciences. 2) It took 100 hours to provide D₂ beam for the microelement analysis of Al₂O₃ electrolyte produced by the Gansu Aluminium Factory. 3). It took about 100 hours to provide D₂ beam for the analysis of elemental components of soil micro-fertilizer from other provinces. The D₂ beam is 2 mA and the neutron intensity is 2 x 10¹¹ n/s. 4). It took 50 hours to operate the generator for analysing O₃ concentration measured in air by the radiation protection group. The value of high voltage is 450 kV. 5). In order to measure the transferable collection efficiency of melting target system in the institute, the authors spent 200 hours for operating the generator. The neutron intensity is >10¹¹ n/s

[en] Highlights: • Hydrogen free radicals are generated from water splitting. • Hydrogen fuel is generated from water by electric field induction. • Hydrocarbon fuel is generated from CO_2 and water by electric field induction. - Abstract: Water is the most abundant resource for generating hydrogen fuel. In addition to dissociating H"+ and "−OH ions, certain water molecules dissociate to radicals under an electric field are considered. Therefore, an electric field inducing reactor is constructed and operated to generate hydrogen free radicals in this paper. Hydrogen free radicals begin to be generated under a 1.0 V electric field, and increasing the voltage and temperature increases the number of hydrogen free radicals. The production rate of hydrogen free radicals is 0.245 mmol/(L h) at 5.0 V and room temperature. The generated hydrogen free radicals are converted to polymer fuel and hydrogen fuel at production rates of 0.0093 mmol/(L h) and 0.0038 mmol/(L h) respectively, under 5.0 V and 0.25 mA. The results provide a way to generate hydrogen free radicals, which might be used to generate hydrocarbon fuel in industrial manufacture.

[en] In this paper, a new type of detector for pulse current was introduced, the form and the theory of the detector were given, and the peculiarity, the characteristic parameter were introduced particularly. The demarcate data including detector sensitivity, frequency spectrum and instance in experiment were given too. (authors)

[en] In order to understand the complex and dynamic neptunium process chemistry in the TBP-HNO_3 system, the kinetics involved reversible redox reaction and extraction mass transfer was investigated. The results indicates that the mass transfer rate of Np(VI) is much faster than the redox reaction in aqueous solution. The concentrations of nitric acid and nitrous acid not only can change the Np(V) oxidation reaction and Np(VI) reduction reaction rate, but also can ultimately determine the distribution of neptunium extraction equilibrium. The variety of temperature can only influence the extraction equilibrium time, but cannot alter the equilibrium state of neptunium. (author)

[en] EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) is the first full superconducting experimental Tokamak fusion device in the world which has been carried out ten campaigns since its implementation at the end of 2005. The cryogenic control system for EAST was designed based on DeltaV DCS of Emerson Corporation which has been in operation for the same time period and has been proved to be safe and stable. However, Manny control components have been running beyond the expected lifetime gradually. Many problems from control system have affected the cryogenic system reliability. This paper presents the current status and upgrade solutions of the cryogenic control system of EAST. (author)

[en] Both the primary helium circulator for high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) and the primary pump for the pressurized-water reactor are the key components in the reactor primary loop. Under the normal operation, their function requirements are the same, but under the accidental operation, their functions are different from each other due to the different behaviors of the reactor. The stopping behavior of the primary pump has been studied in the experiments and the reactor plant, however, the study on the stopping behavior of the primary helium circulator for HTR is very lack. In this study, the stopping behavior of the primary helium circulator was studied theoretically with considering the effects of resistance characteristic of the primary loop and the aerodynamic of the helium circulator itself. The equation for the prediction of the flow rate and the rotating speed at the stopping period were deduced. The numerical simulation result was given for the safety analysis in the preliminary design of HTR. (authors)

[en] Transparent conductive indium zinc oxide films were prepared by pulsed plasma deposition from a ceramic target (90 wt. % In₂O₃ and 10 wt. % ZnO). The dependences of film properties upon the substrate temperature was investigated using characterization methods including x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, Hall measurement, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The films grown at room temperature had a rather smooth surface due to the amorphous structure, with a root mean square roughness of less than 1 nm. The atomic ratio of Zn/(Zn + In) in these films is 15.3 at. %, which is close to that in the target, and the chemical states of indium and zinc atoms were In³⁺ and Zn²⁺, respectively. The films deposited on a substrate with a temperature of 200 °C exhibited polycrystalline structure and a preferred growth orientation along the (222) plane. Here the electrical properties were improved due to the better crystallinity, with the films exhibiting a minimum resistivity value of 4.2 × 10⁻⁴Ω cm, a maximum carrier mobility of 45 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, and an optical transmittance over 80% in the visible region.

[en] According to the material composition, flux spectrum measured and irradiation time, the dose and attenuation of products of NTD silicon system irradiated are calculated with ORIGEN and MCNP software. The different contributions of dose and decay time of product activation nuclide are analyzed. Meanwhile, the validation of calculation with the measurement of ionization chamber and estimation of shield thickness of hall show that the shield of NTD silicon system irradiated could meet the requirement of radiation protection and some suggestions are offered. (authors)

[en] Background: Pulse laser has been proved as an effective tool to simulate single event effects. It is important to evaluate the single event effects in microelectronics circuitry for space science and engineering. Purpose: By the theoretical analysis and experimental comparison, we aim to determine pulsed laser simulation of equivalent single event transient of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller with heavy ion. Methods: By changing the laser energy, we obtained the experimental data under different conditions, and compared with the experimental data under the heavy ion. Results: The experimental results proved that Single Event Transient (SET) effect of 868.3-MeV Xe heavy ion which has 65.2 MeV·cm²·mg^-1 Linear Energy Transfer (LET) value is similar with that of 1.064 μm, 1-2nJ pulsed laser. Conclusion: The experimental results provide data supports for using the laser pulse to simulate SET test on the same type of current mode PWM controller. (authors)

[en] Ensemble simulations, which use multiple short independent trajectories from dispersive initial conformations, rather than a single long trajectory as used in traditional simulations, are expected to sample complex systems such as biomolecules much more efficiently. The re-weighted ensemble dynamics (RED) is designed to combine these short trajectories to reconstruct the global equilibrium distribution. In the RED, a number of conformational functions, named as basis functions, are applied to relate these trajectories to each other, then a detailed-balance-based linear equation is built, whose solution provides the weights of these trajectories in equilibrium distribution. Thus, the sufficient and efficient selection of basis functions is critical to the practical application of RED. Here, we review and present a few possible ways to generally construct basis functions for applying the RED in complex molecular systems. Especially, for systems with less priori knowledge, we could generally use the root mean squared deviation (RMSD) among conformations to split the whole conformational space into a set of cells, then use the RMSD-based-cell functions as basis functions. We demonstrate the application of the RED in typical systems, including a two-dimensional toy model, the lattice Potts model, and a short peptide system. The results indicate that the RED with the constructions of basis functions not only more efficiently sample the complex systems, but also provide a general way to understand the metastable structure of conformational space. (paper)