[en] Female C3H/He mice aged 12 weeks, transplanted MM46 tumor, were used in this study on the timing of administration of immunomodulators, such as PSK (a proteinbound polysaccharide prepared from Coriolus versicolor), OK-432 (Streptococcal preparation), bestatin (inhibitor of aminopeptidases of microbial origin) and levamisole (a chemical substance belonging to anthelmintics) combined with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rads. The daily dose of 250 ng/kg of PSK, 1 KE/mouse of OK-432, 300 mu g/mouse of bestatin or 3mg/kg of levamisole was respectively injected intraperitoneally for four consecutive days before or after irradiation. The anti-tumor effect was evaluated by the changes of tumor volume and survival curves. When PSK, OK-432 or levamisole was administered after irradiation, tumor growth was decreased and sixty-day survival rate and survival curve were significantly elongated compared with the control group and the group to which PSK, OK-432 or levamisole administered before irradiation (p lt 0.01). As for bestatin, no remarkable difference was observed irrespective of the timing of administration. These results suggested that some immunomodulators showed different anti-tumor activity depending on its timing of administration in the combination with radiotherapy. Concerning PSK, OK-432 and levamisole, they seemed to be beneficial in combination with prior radiotherapy in the treatment of MM46 tumor. (author)

[en] As radiotherapy and immunotherapy can constitute a complementary and effectual therapeutic modality, radiation combined with immunotherapy will be valuable. However, for the timr being, few study has been performed as to the optimal combined timing on this bimodal therapy. Experimental study on the optimal combined timing of radiotherapy and non-specific immunopotentiator, PSK, was demonstrated. C3H/He mice were inoculated with 5 x 10₆ viable tumor cells of MM 46 subcutaneously into the thigh. PSK was injected 250 mg/kg daily intraperitoneally four times before or after irradiation of 3,000 rads by 6 MeV high energy electron beam. Anti-tumor effect was evaluated by the changes of tumor volume and survival curve. Not only remarkable inhibition of tumor growth but also clongation of survival time was observed in the group given PSK after irradiation as compared with the control group and that given PSK before irradiation. Sixty-day survival rate were 30.0% for the control group, 10.0% for the group given PSK after irradiation, and 72.7% for that given PSK before irradiation, respectively. There was a significant difference between the group given PSK before irradiation and that after irradiation. (p < 0.025). (author)

[en] Female C3H/He mice aged 13 weeks with transplanted MM 46 tumor were used in histological and enzymohistochemical studies on the timing of administration of immunomodulators, PSK (a protein bound polysaccharide prepared from Coriolus versicolor), or OK-432 (Streptococcal preparation) combined with two fractionated local irradiation with the total dose of 3,000 rad. The daily dose of 250 mg/kg of PSK, or 1 KE/mouse of OK-432 was respectively injected intraperitoneally for four consecutive days before or after irradiation. Mice were sacrificed before irradiation and 7, 14 and 21 days after irradiation. Resected tumor tissues were examined using H-E staining and α-naphtyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining to observe the stromal reactions such as the infiltration of mononuclear cells and fibroblasts around tumor tissues. When PSK or OK-432 was administered after irradiation, remarkable lymphocytic infiltration was observed compared with the control group and the group to which PSK or OK-432 was administered before irradiation. ANAE staining revealed most of infiltrating lymphocytes were T-cells. These results suggested that PSK and OK-432 which were received after radiotherapy enhanced the immunological responses against tumors which were represented by remarkable lymphocytic infiltration. (author)

No abstract available

[en] There were 6 patients who survived for more than five years; these had been treated with radiotherapy in the Department of Radiology, Hyogo Cancer Hospital. In 4 of these, the tumor disapeared completely after radiotherapy. The nominal to normal tissue was between 1548 and 1968 ret, to the tumor it was between 2240 and 2980 ret. The optimal dose was thought to be between 6000 and 7000 rad, delivered over a period of 6 or 7 weeks. (author)

[en] The clinical effect of concomitant use of non-specific immunopotentiator OK-432 and/or PSK was studied about 172 cases of primary lung cancer (Stage III, IV). In 91 cases in stage III, fifty percent survival period was found to be 11.5 months for 63 cases with OK-432 and/or PSK, and 7.5 months for 28 cases without immunotherapy, respectively. In 81 cases in stage IV, fifty percent survival period was found to be 6.7 months for 45 cases with OK-432 and/or PSK, and 3.3 months for 36 cases without immunotherapy, respectively. (author)