[en] This general paper gives an history of contrast media going from lipiodol, 'Selectan', tri-iodo hydrosoluble compounds, to low osmolitic hydrosoluble compounds (ioxaglate ionic, and non ionic compounds) with some toxicology and economical informations. (A.B.)

[en] Abstract only

[en] The accidents related to the general toxicity of the watersoluble iodinated contrast media are unfrequent. They still exist despite the availability of new kinds of low osmolar molecules. Their pathogenesis is not yet clearly defined. An anaphylactic mechanism cannot give a satisfying explanation because specific IgE have been exceptionally found in humans. Two theories are discussed. Lalli has made an emphasis on the role played by stress and anxiety. The other theory is based on the prominent role played by the lesion of the vascular endothelial cells then the activation of factor XII. A vicious circle is created by the liberation of pre- and neo-formated ligands, eventually after the activation of the complement system

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] Contrast agents have been used in ultrasonography for about 30 years, but the risk of toxicity and the inefficiency of certain agents has long limited their use. The recent development of well-tolerated agents which cross the pulmonary capillary barrier after peripheral intravenous injection has made the use of contrast agents possible in routine clinical practice. The half life of these agents is now measured in minutes. These agents increase Doppler signal intensity and, in certain cases, allow parenchymal enhancement in B mode. They have helped improve Doppler performance, in particular for studying small or deep vessels with minimal flow. Concomitant adaptation of equipment has led to the introduction of ultrasound sequential imaging and announces the development of indispensable tools specifically adapted to contrast agents. The advent of directed bio-distribution and the contribution of pharmacologically active agents widens the field of application of ultrasounds to echo-guided therapeutic imaging designed for selective in situ delivery of active substances such as anticoagulants and cytotoxic drugs. (authors)

[en] This paper reports on renal and urinary excretion factors by means of Gd-DOTA dynamic MR imaging and using factor analysis of dynamic structure (FADS) to follow-up renal transplants. We examined 60 patients with renal transplants by use of dynamic MR imaging after administration of a Gd-DOTA bolus (0.2 ml/kg) on a 0.5-T system; 10--12 fast gradient-echo sequences (TR/TE = 40/14, flip angle = 45 degree, acquisition time = 13 seconds) with single images and a 32-second intersequence delay were used. Of these, 13 dynamic MR imaging sequences were processed with an extension to dynamic MR images of FADS, previously developed to analyze nuclear medicine dynamic studies. The results were compared with the results of biologic dosages, renal biopsy and Seldinger digital arteriography

[en] In the framework of the French Support Program for the IAEA Safeguards, the Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire (IPSN), developed an electronic seal called Integrated and Reusable Electronic Seal (IRES) that enables independent verification by different inspectorates (IAEA, Euratom, and National Inspectorate). The seal can be remotely interrogated by radio frequency and integrated to other Containment/surveillance systems by serial line RS 485. Data are authenticated and the IRESMAG software manages in the seal reader all functionalities of the seal and records inspection data compatible with the IAEA's Seal Database

[en] In the framework of the French Support Program for the IAEA Safeguards, the 'Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire' (IPSN), developed an electronic seal called Integrated and Reusable Electronic Seal (IRES) that enables independent verification by different inspectorates (IAEA, Euratom, and National Inspectorate) Furthermore, a bilateral co-ordination between Euratom and French domestic safeguards takes place in some French facilities regarding a common approach concerning the seals especially in case of crisis situation. The seal can be remotely interrogated by radio frequency and integrated to other Containment/surveillance systems by serial line RS 485. Data are authenticated and the IRESMAG software manages in the seal reader all functionalities of the seal and records inspection data compatible with the IAEA's Seal Database

[en] In the framework of the French Support Program for the IAEA Safeguards, the Institut de Protection et de Surete Nucleaire (IPSN), developed an electronic seal called Integrated and Reusable Electronic Seal (IRES) that enables independent verification by different inspectorates (IAEA, Euratom, and National Inspectorate) The seal can be remotely interrogated by radio frequency and integrated to other Containment/surveillance systems by serial line RS 485. Data are authenticated and the IRESMAG software manages in the seal reader all functionalities of the seal and records inspection data compatible with the IAEA's Seal Database. To perform this development, IPSN relies on industrial partners: SAPHYMO for the general architecture of the seal and the electronics, THALES for the authentication of data and the security of transmission. The main features of the IRES seal are the following: interrogation by different inspectorate, allowing independent conclusions; recording of events, including tampering, in a non-volatile memory; authentication of data and enhanced security of the communication between the seal and the seal reader; remote interrogation by an inspector or/and automatic for unattended systems or remote monitoring; reusable after erasing the seal memory and replacement of the batteries (these operations must be performed in a secure maintenance site). In the light of the results of the feasibility study, prototypes, developed by the SAPHYMO Company, have been demonstrated, in France, between July and September 1999, with data remote transmission to Vienna

[en] The development of an endorectal surface coil now permits a partial study of the anatomical model developed by McNeal. Axial and coronal views, which were used to establish the model can be obtained in a short period of time with fast spin echo sequences. Axial views are performed along the proximal urethra and coronal views are performed along the axis of the distal urethra and the ejaculatory duts. Anatomical boundaries of the transitional zone are well delineated on axial views, illustrating the concept of 'inner gland'. The prostatic capsule and the neuro-vascular bundles, pathways of extension of the cancer out of the prostate are also well delineated. Coronal sections allow a very good anatomical study of the caudal junction of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles (the so called weak space), pathway of tumor extension to the seminal vesicles. Differences in signal of the prostatic zones make the outer gland cancers very conspicuous as well as some transitional cancers which can show, in some cases, an homogeneous hyposignal. (authors). 15 refs., 14 figs