[en] This invention is directed to transferring heat from an extremely high temperature source to an electrically isolated lower temperature receiver. The invention is particularly concerned with supplying thermal power to a thermionic converter from a nuclear reactor with electric isolation. Heat from a high temperature heat pipe is transferred through a vacuum or a gap filled with electrically nonconducting gas to a cooler heat pipe. The heat pipe is used to cool the nuclear reactor while the heat pipe is connected thermally and electrically to a thermionic converter. If the receiver requires greater thermal power density, geometries are used with larger heat pipe areas for transmitting and receiving energy than the area for conducting the heat to the thermionic converter. In this way the heat pipe capability for increasing thermal power densities compensates for the comparatively low thermal power densities through the electrically nonconducting gap between the two heat pipes

[en] This booklet presents evidence for and against the various theories which seek to explain the variations in climate over time; to explain why one theory (i.e. the impact of increases of trace atmospheric gases) has come to dominate the debate; to discuss how economists have contributed to the debate; and to suggest how policy-makers should respond. (UK)

[en] We have performed molecular dynamic simulations of a martensitic bcc->hcp transformation in a homogeneous system. The system evolves into three martensitic variants, sharing a common nearest-neighbor vector along a bcc<111> direction, plus an fcc region. Nucleation occurs locally, followed by subsequent growth. We monitor the time-dependent scattering S(Q,t) during the transformation, and find anomalous, Brillouin-zone-dependent scattering similar to that observed experimentally in a number of systems above the transformation temperature. This scattering is shown to be related to the elastic strain associated with the transformation and is not directly related to the phonon response

[en] Database data change notification (DCN) is a commonly used feature. Not all database management systems (DBMS) provide an explicit DCN mechanism. Even for those DBMS's which support DCN (such as Oracle and MS SQL server), some server side and/or client side programming may be required to make the DCN system work. This makes the setup of DCN between database server and interested clients tedious and time consuming. In accelerator control systems, there are many well established software client/server architectures (such as CDEV, EPICS, and ADO) that can be used to implement data reflection servers that transfer data asynchronously to any client using the standard SET/GET API. This paper describes a method for using such a data reflection server to set up asynchronous DCN (ADCN) between a DBMS and clients. This method works well for all DBMS systems which provide database trigger functionality. Asynchronous data change notification (ADCN) between database server and clients can be realized by combining the use of a database trigger mechanism, which is supported by major DBMS systems, with server processes that use client/server software architectures that are familiar in the accelerator controls community (such as EPICS, CDEV or ADO). This approach makes the ADCN system easy to set up and integrate into an accelerator controls system. Several ADCN systems have been set up and used in the RHIC-AGS controls system.

[en] We have performed molecular dynamic simulations of a martensitic bcc→hcp transformation in a homogeneous system. The system evolves into three martensitic variants, sharing a common nearest-neighbor vector along a bcc<111> direction, plus an fcc region. Nucleation occurs locally, followed by subsequent growth. We monitor the time-dependent scattering S(Q,t) during the transformation, and find anomalous, Brillouin-zone-dependent scattering similar to that observed experimentally in a number of systems above the transformation temperature. This scattering is shown to be related to the elastic strain associated with the transformation and is not directly related to the phonon response

[en] It was recommended that a task force be established: to contact the 50 states, territories, and federal agencies to accumulate information on the existing indices for radioactive material program effectiveness evaluation; to consider the quantifiable indices of radioactive materials program, the size of the population at risk in the various medical and nonmedical groups, and those indices that can be applied to all forms and uses of radioactive material; and to consider possible indices for such items as emergency response capability, laboratory capability and reliability. It was also recommended that the federal and state agencies support studies on how to measure radioactive material program effectiveness

[en] Within the next 30 years, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Restoration Program will be responsible for remediating thousands of waste sites across the DOE complex. A major concern during remediation will be the protection of thousands of workers engaged in the remediation. In addition to well know safety hazards associated with conventional construction operations, remedial workers at DOE will encounter radiation and chemical exposures from radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste. Although historically represented as minimal due to a paucity of data related to worker exposures during remediation, potential worker health risk is an important factor that must be taken into account in the selection of remedial strategies, and the potential risk reduction offered by a remedial strategy must be weighed against the potential worker risk incurred during its implementation. Analysis has shown a trend that the worker risk incurred outweighs,the benefits of risk reduction to the public

[en] We report the development of a method for quantitative, in situ nanoindentation in an electron microscope and its application to study the onset of deformation during the nanoindentation of aluminum films. The force--displacement curve developed shows the characteristic ''staircase'' instability at the onset of plastic deformation. This instability corresponds to the first appearance of dislocations in a previously defect-free grain. Plastic deformation proceeds through the formation and propagation of prismatic loops punched into the material, and half loops that emanate from the sample surface. These results represent the first real time observations of the discrete microstructural events that occur during nanoindentation

[en] The effects of various processing conditions on (i) the degree of particle dispersion and (ii) the extent of particle breakage in hot-press:d compacts of coated particles in a pitch-bonded graphite matrix have been studied. A new mixing method was developed known as ''overcoating'', which yielded a random distribution, whereas the conventional methods, known as ''solvent'' and ''tumble'' mixing, gave an excessive degree of particle clustering for compacts containing 30^v/o of coated particles. Small changes in particle size and density had no effect on the overall dispersion. The short-range dispersion, as measured by counting the number of neighbours within a fixed distance, was found to be the best criterion for studying the quality of compacts with regard to particle distribution. On this basis an overcoated mix yielded the best compacts. (author)

[en] In this paper the author reviews historical highlights and future directions in the development of positron emission tomography (PET) using short-lived radiopharmaceuticals produced by the National Medical Cyclotron (NMC). The NMC-PET program is operated at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and the University of Sydney in collaboration with the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. The initial clinical protocols will focus on myocardial viability, refractory epilepsy, brain tumour grading and the differentiation of brain tumour recurrence from radiation necrosis. There is also great interest in the differential diagnosis of early onset dementia. A list of the principal international collaborators is included