[en] This paper compares the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution CT (HRCT) with that of conventional CT and to determine the diagnostic utility of the assessment of disease distribution within the secondary lobule. Without knowledge of clinical or pathologic data, two reviewers independently assessed, in random order, three separate sets of examinations: three HRCT scans; the corresponding 10-mm scans; and complete conventional CT scans of 75 patients with proved disease. Observers gave the most likely diagnosis and their degree of diagnostic confidence. The correct first- choice diagnosis was made in 71% of cases in each of the three sets of examinations. Confidence level 1 (definite) was reached in 49% of HRCT scans, 31% of corresponding 10-mm scans, and 43% of complete conventional CT scans, with the correct diagnosis made in 92%, 96%, and 94% of those readings, respectively

[en] To measure the T2 relaxation times of normal and abnormal lung parenchyma and to evaluate the influence of field strength and lung inflation on T2. Five healthy volunteers and five patients with diffuse lung disease were imaged at 0.15 and 1.5 T. Excised normal pig lung was imaged at 0.15 and 1.5 T and analyzed in a spectrometer at 2.0 T. Single-echo (Hahn) pulse sequences (TR, 2,000 msec; TE, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 msec) were compared with multiecho trains (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill [CPMG] at 0.15 T (TR, 2,000 msec; TE, 20-40-60... 240 msec) and 2.0 T (TR, 2,000 msec; TE, 1, 2, 3,..., 10msec). T2 relaxation times calculated from single-echo sequences showed considerable variation between 0.15 and 2.0 T. T2 also changed with lung inflation. However, the T2 measurements on CPMG sequences did not change significantly (P > .05) with field strength and were only minimally affected by lung inflation. The mean ± SD T2 values for normal lung were 99 ± 8 and for abnormal lung were 84 ± 17. Lung parenchyma T2 measurements obtained with the use of conventional single-echo pulse sequences are variable and inaccurate because of inflation and field strength dependent magnetic susceptibility effects that lead to rapid nonrecoverable dephasing. The results indicate that multiecho sequences with appropriately short echo spacings yield more reproducible determinations of T2, which are independent of field strength and less dependent on lung inflation

[en] This paper determines the usefulness of CT in patients with pulmonary complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) by a comparison of CT with radiographic findings. In patients with open lung biopsy, findings were correlated with the corresponding pathologic specimens. Nineteen pulmonary complications in 15 BMT recipients (mean age, 30 years) were reviewed. All patients received BMT for malignant hematologic disease. Chest radiograph, CT scan, and pathologic and/or microbiologic diagnosis were available for all patients

No abstract available

[en] The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of interstitial lung disease was assessed in 23 patients with known interstitial disease. These included seven patients with fibrosing alveolitis, six with silicosis, two with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, three with lymphangitic spread of tumor, two with sarcoidosis, one with rheumatoid lung disease, and two with neurofibromatosis. The CT appearance of the interstitial changes in the different disease entities was assessed. Nodules were a prominent CT feature in silicosis, sarcoidosis, and lymphangitic spread of malignancy. Distribution of nodules and associated interlobular septal thickening provided further distinguishing features in these diseases. Reticular densities were the predominant CT change in fibrosing alveolitis, rheumatoid lung disease, and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. CT can be useful in the investigation of selected instances of interstitial pulmonary disease

[en] Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma may cause three main patterns on CT: solitary nodule, parenchymal consolidation, and multicentric disease. The nodules usually have spiculated margins and frequently contain bubble-like lucencies or pseudocavitation. When presenting as consolidation, this is due mainly to mucin secretion and results in areas of lower attenuation than soft tissue. Multicentric disease is characterized by the presence of multiple nodules which may mimic metastatic disease. Although bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma may cause different patterns on high-resolution CT, certain CT findings are sufficiently characteristic to suggest the underlying diagnosis. (authors). 12 refs., 7 figs

[en] Detection of pulmonary nodules using spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was compared with detection using computed tomography (CT). Of the 25 patients studied independently by two radiologists, no lung nodules were detected in 11 (CT or MR), ten had a single nodules, and four had multiple nodules. The lesions not seen using CT or MR were less than 1.3 cm in diameter. The greater spatial resolution of CT enabled better detection of nodules close to the diaphragm, the pleura, or to each other, whereas the better contrast resolution of MR enabled the detection of several nodules close to blood vessels. CT generally enables the detection of more small nodules than MR does, and some low-density nodules near blood vessels are better displayed using MR

[en] Detection of subcarinal lymph node enlargement on the posteroanterior chest radiograph was assessed in 90 patients who also had computed tomography (CT). Sixty of the 90 patients had normal-sized and 30 had enlarged (>15 mm diameter) subcarinal lymph nodes on CT. An abnormality in the contour of the azygoesophageal recess interface was present on plain radiographs in only 23% of patients with lymphadenopathy; increased subcarinal opacity was present in 40%. The external surface of the medial wall of the right main-stem bronchus and bronchus intermedius was visible in 87% of patients with normal-sized lymph nodes but in only 27% of patients with lymphadenopathy. CT showed that the medial wall of the right main-stem and intermediate bronchi normally is delineated laterally by air within the bronchus and medially by lung or subcarinal fat. Nonvisualization may be due to replacement of lung or fat by enlarged nodes or tumor and may be helpful in assessing patients with suspected subcarinal adenopathy

[en] This paper evaluates further the mechanisms responsible for the distribution of extravascular lung water (EVLW) in pulmonary edema. Fourteen isolated dog lobes were inflated with oxygen at transpulmonary pressures of 6 and 15 cm H₂O. Edema was induced by the infusion of normal saline solution into the lobar pulmonary artery. Two volumes of saline solution were used: 50% and 150% of initial wet lobar weight. 1.5-mm high-resolution CT scans were obtained at 10-mm intervals before and after each of the two stages of pulmonary edema. Visual assessment and CT densitometry were performed

No abstract available