[en] Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) based on radiation technique is an indispensable and internationally accepted tool for inspection and quality control of vital components in various industries. In fact, in many critical industries such as nuclear, petrochemical, power sectors, NDT by radiation technique is mandatory. Its use however involves radiation exposure to concerned personnel and public. Potential risk associated with sources of ionizing radiation used in industrial radiography include acute radiation exposure which can produce immediate effects and genetic and delayed effects of long term low exposures. The discussion will, however, be confined to radiography employing x and gamma sources and equipment as most of the NDT work is done with x and gamma sources

[en] To ensure radiation safety of personnel in industrial radiography departments and of public in the vicinity, the radiation levels on the surface of and around the equipment and at all occupied areas around the installation, should be checked in addition to regular personnel monitoring of the concerned personnel. Suitable instruments should be available for carrying out the above measurements. Apart from covering the required ranges of measurements the instruments should be portable, rugged and insensitive to small changes in temperature and humidity of the environment. Keeping these requirements in view, instruments have been developed in the Division of Radiation Protection of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, for use in industrial radiography departments. These include a wide range survey meter for checking the radiation levels on the surface and around the equipment, gamma zone monitor for continuous area monitoring and for source position indication and a compact radiation monitor with alarm for personnel monitoring under routine and emergency conditions. (author)

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[en] This report describes the work of the Radiation Protection Services Division during 1993, for implementation of radiation safety in all institutions in India using radiation sources in medical, industrial and research applications. It gives information about personnel monitoring using photographic film and TLD badges, neutron monitoring badges, advisory and licensing services, regulation, transport of radioactive materials and periodic protection survey. About 33 publications by the staff of the Division are also listed. (author). 4 tabs

[en] Industrial Applications of Radiation Sources is one of the topics covered for the one year post-graduate training course on Radiological Physics conducted by this Division, as well as for a short-term course for industrial users. Some applications of the ²⁵²Cf sources which could be easily demonstrated to the trainees have been outlined. Applications include a neutron moisture gauge and analysis of bauxite ores for estimation of aluminum content by activation analyses. The required instruments were developed in our Division and are portable and battery operated. They are thus suitable for field applications in Civil Engineering, Agriculture and Geoloical Prospecting. The neutron moisture gauge with a ²⁵²Cf source has been theoretically calibrated and this relation has been verified experimentally at a few test points. The sphere of influence for different moisture contents has also been calculated to get an idea of the spatial resolution of the probe. A comparison of performance characteristics of ²⁵²Cf source and the conventional (α,n) sources is also given. With an intense yield from a small sized source coupled with low average energy, ²⁵²Cf neutron sources offer better resolution for moisture gauging. Further, these sources have become available at a time when the whole world is caught up with energy crisis. It is imperative that each country utilizes these sources to explore fully the oil reserves. Neutron shielding is relatively easy compared to other sources such as Am--Be, Ra--Be, Pu--Be. The gamma component from ²⁵²Cf is nearly the same as that from an Am--Be source of equal neutron yield. The neutron and gamma radiation hazards associated with these sources as well as the methods of controlling them are also presented

[en] The applications of thermoluminescent dosimeters in industrial radiation safety are described. The measurements involve leakage radiation levels around source containers such as radiography equipment, radioisotope gauges, level indicators, etc., area survey of industrial installations, air scatter exposure rates in the vicinity of open top radiography rooms, and estimation of activity of source. Dysprosium activated calcium sulphate TL phosphor in the form of phosphor filled glass capillaries and the TL reader developed in the laboratories of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, have been employed in all these measurements. Wherever possible, the results are compared with measurement by other system such as survey meters and film badges. The scope of the TLD in the field of industrial radiation safety and the advantages of this system over other systems are indicated. (author)

[en] A portable instrument for 'in situ' measurement of wall thickness of boilers and tubes, working on the principle of gamma back-scattering, and using a low activity gamma source (30 micro-curies Co⁶⁰) and a scintillation detector is described. The probe consists of a gamma source and an NaI(tl) scintillation detector coupled to a multiplier phototube. The EHT circuit for the PM tube and the preamplifier are also incorporated inside the probe. The probe is coupled to a measuring part consisting of an amplifier for amplifying the pulses from the probe, a single channel analyser which is set to select pulses corresponding to energy of backscattered gammas and a count-rate meter to count the number of pulses. With prior calibration, count-rate can be correlated to the thickness of the backscatter eg. boiler wall or tube wall. The instrument can measure wall thicknesses upto 2 cm of steel with an accuracy of +- 10%. The unit can also be used for detection of erosion and blocking in pipes carrying process materials. The electronic circuitry is fully transistorised and works on readily available flashlight cells. The complete system is portable and well suited for field use. (author)

[en] The various aspects of radiation protection in the application of radioisotope sources in the field of non-destructive testing are described. Methods of evaluation and control of radiation hazards associated with isotope radiography are discussed. Working procedures to minimise radiation exposures to personnel are suggested. The importance of education and training in minimising the hazard is indicated. (author)

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No abstract available