[en] In the ''Pamir'' experiment there are performed energy measurements of atmospheric gamma-rays. This is done by optical density measurements of spots under 5 cm of lead. Some of these spots are caused by hadrons accompanying gamma-rays. This work tries to evaluate the extent to which the contribution of cascades initiated by hadrons falling into installation distorts the real gamma-ray energy flux. (author)

[en] This paper aims to investigate new opportunities for a systematic study of gamma-families, which are opened by the use of supplementary information channel concerning the nature of gamma-families in the form of ER-flux (E-energy, R-radial distance of each particle from the center), which is similar to the transverse energy value E sub(T) used in SPS experiments. The energetical and lateral characters of the large gamma-families are observed and analyzed to discuss the optimum conditions of selection of jet effects. The observations are compared with the corresponding features of the artificial families calculated by jet model of nonscaling type (MJ4) and by the quasiscaling model. The results show that, if the probability of high P sub(t)-jet production is high enough in the elementary process of hadron-nucleus interaction, the relevation of jet effects in gamma-families becomes quite real after 2-step decascading of the leading group of particles in the region E sub(c) R sub(c) > 4 GeV. km. It is also concluded that the space-energy character E sub(T1) = ΣER proposed for periphery of large gamma-families is sensitive not only to the scaling violation but also to the energy and the nature of the primary particle. (Nogami, K.)

[en] Groups of genetically interrelated hadrons incident onto an installation are called the hadron families. After measuring the coordinates, the zenith and azimuthal angles THETA, PSI and the energies of all hadrons detected in X-ray emulsion chamber Pamir-73/74 (7m², 556 g cm^-2) the trajectories of such hadrons were traced to the second layer of H-block where the H-families were computer-selected on the basis of certain criteria. It was assumed that all the blackening spots detected in all H-blocks were produced by different hadrons. Selection quality and results of hadron family analysis are functions of the accuracy in determining the zenith and azimuthal angles of each hadron and the probability of counting the random hadrons to the family. (author)

[en] The measurement of the cosmic ray gamma quanta and hadrons energy using one X-ray sensitive layer can lead to some systematic errors. The comparison of energy measurements with one X-ray film and with several films shows that at higher particle energies (4-8 TeV) the measurements with one film give too small energy values. This leads to incorrect determination of the gamma ray and hadron spectra from measurements with one emulsion layer. (S.B.)

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] An exotic cosmic-ray family event is observed in the large emulsion chamber exposed by the joint experiment at the Pamirs (4360 m above sea level). The family is composed of 120γ-ray-induced showers and 37 hadron-induced showers with individual visible energy exceeding 1 TeV. The decisive feature of the event is the hadron dominance: ΣE_γ, ΣE^(γ)_h, < E_γ>, < E^(γ)_h>, < E_γ.R_γ> and < E^(γ)_h.R_h> being 298 TeV, 476 TeV, 2.5 TeV, 12.9 TeV, 28.6 GeV m and 173 GeV m, respectively. Most probably the event is due to a Centauro interaction, which occurred in the atmosphere at ≅ 700 m above the chamber. The event will constitute the second beautiful candidate for a Centauro observed at the Pamirs. (orig.)