[en] Abstract only

[en] The systematic laser spectroscopy measurements of nuclear spins, moments and charge radii from hyperfine structures and isotope shifts are reviewed from a methodical point of view. Examples are given for the typical experimental approaches and their results. Laser spectroscopy methods of direct nuclear g-factor measurement have interesting features in common with the low-temperature nuclear orientation technique. These are described in some detail and discussed in their particular physics context. (orig.)

[en] Collinear laser spectroscopy in the fast beams of on-line isotope separators is shown to be a powerful tool for isotope shift and hyperfine structure studies in long isotopic chains. The experimental realization is discussed in some detail, and the results are reviewed, with the emphasis on the very recent work at ISOLDE. Examples of information on nuclear behaviour are given. (orig.)

[en] Atomic physics methods have provided important information about the electromagnetic properties of the nuclear ground states. In recent years the experimental effort has been directed towards optical high resolution spectroscopy of very high sensitivity, giving access to short-lived nuclides very far from stability. A few of these new techniques based on collinear laser spectroscopy are presented with their latest results. They are suitable for an extension of the experiments to the region of lighter nuclei. (orig.)

[en] The interesting nuclear structure phenomena observed in some light nuclei at the neutron drip line suggest the measurement of basic ground state properties such as spins, magnetic moments and electric quadrupole moments. Here it will be discussed what experiments are presently feasable using laser spectroscopy. For the outstanding example of a 'halo' nucleus, ¹¹Li, the development of a technique combining β-asymmetry detected optical pumping inn a fast beam with NMR spectroscopy has yielded pertinent results, the most recent of which is an experimental value of the nuclear quadrupole moment. (orig.)

[en] Information about nuclear ground state spins, moments and charge radii can be obtained from high-resolution atomic spectroscopy. Sensitive laser techniques have been applied to isotopes far from stability. Among these, collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy is especially suited for use with on-line mass separators. Experiments on fission-produced Rb and Cs isotopes are discussed. (author)

[en] High-resolution methods of optical spectroscopy in unstable isotopes are discussed, with emphasis on fast-beam laser spectroscopy. The chief goal is to obtain information about nuclear ground-state properties from hyperfine structure and isotope shifts. The methods have to be suitable for use with minute samples, due to the small amount of radioactive atoms available

[en] The author discusses which indirect evidence for octupole deformation can be drawn from the nuclear ground-state properties. A first indication of octupole effects in the ground state came from the masses around /sup 222/Ra. The systematic deviations of calculated masses from the experimental values were removed by the inclusion of the octupole degree of freedom into deformed shell-model calculations which then resulted in reflection-asymmetric equilibrium shapes for the nuclei with proton numbers between Z = 86 and 92 (i.e. Rn and U) and neutron numbers between N = 130 and 138. The most detailed information about the nuclear ground states emerges from laser spectroscopy experiments yielding the spins, the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments, and the variation of the mean square nuclear charge radii from the measurement of atomic hyperfine structures and isotope shifts. More generally, the technical realization of particle detection of on-line oriented isotopes opens also new avenues for systematic studies of weak interaction (β-decay of mirror nuclei, e.g. /sup 17/F as reported at this conference) and nuclear penetration effects (conversion electron angular distributions)

[en] Certain transitional as well as deformed regions of nuclei require a much more detailed view of the nuclear shape parameters. It has been discussed two such examples which have been investiagted recently. The first deals with the region beyond Z=82 and N=126, where there has been a continueing discussion about the nature of strong octupole correlations observed in the nuclear spectra. The second, on the contrary, deals with the nearly spherical Cd, In and Sn isotopes (Z∼50) between the major neutron shell closures at N=50 and N=82. The laser spectroscopic results also include rich information about the ground (and isomeric) state spins and moments of which the latter are often only qualitatively reproduced by the pertinent model calculations. The discussion is focused on two nuclei of which the magnetic moments are of particular relevance for the nuclear structure: ²⁰⁷Tl is the only heavy nucleus with a single s_1/2 proton state in a doubly magic core, and the very neutron-rich ¹¹Li - if not strongly deformed - should be doubly magic (Z=2, N=8) with a single p_3/2 valence proton. As demonstrated by a few examples of recent results, the laser spectroscopic techniques have revealed many details in the systematics of nuclear moments and radii which are not accounted for by the commonly rather global descriptions

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