[en] We discuss the optimum design of dilution refrigerators and their large-scale applications in cryopumping, gravitational radiation antennas, polarized targets, neutrino telescopes, and in the production of stabile atomic hydrogen or deuterium for intense polarized atom and ion beams. These beams might be useful in polarized plasma fusion reactors

[en] The authors provide some historical and clarifying material to complement the accompanying two papers 'Cryogenic detection of neutrinos?' 'Cosmic-ray disturbances in thermometry and refrigeration', written in 1974. Without reviewing the present situation of thermal and calorimetric detectors. They then make a shortcut and speculate on the use of novel coherent detectors in the study of neutrinos and dark matter. Although the link between the former and the latter detectors is rather weak, both use ultralow temperatures, and one is based on the weaknesses of the other. (author). 8 refs

[en] Recent developments of polarized targets at CERN are reviewed. These are a frozen spin target and a deuterated target, both cooled with large dilution refrigerators, and a ³He-cooled target in a strong beam

[en] Cosmic-ray heating effects have so far never been considered seriously. In this comment, experimental evidence is presented about charged particle heating of a carbon resistor thermometer below 20 mK, immersed in dilute solution in the mixing chamber of a dilution refrigerator. It is suggested to examine the residual heat leaks to massive nuclear demagnetization refrigerators, in view of possibly seeing heating bursts originating from very high energy particle showers. (author). 1 ref.; 1 fig

[en] The recent developments in the technology of polarized ion beam sources are reviewed. We shall treat the sources based on atomic beam techniques, and the beams based on optical pumping. The parameters of some sources, currently operating at nuclear and subnuclear physics facilities, are given in two tables. Other potentially useful methods of obtaining intense beams of polarized ions are briefly mentioned

[en] This paper presents an overview on polarized beams and targets. Irradiated target materials are becoming a standard. An impressive list of hydrogen-rich materials has been studied; the outcome seems to be that ammonia (NH₃ or ND₃) still performs best. Most emphasis is on negative ion sources, which allow multiturn injection into synchrotrons. Typical negative ion sources use a room-temperature polarized atom beam stage, followed by positive ionization by electrons before the 5 kV Na vapor channel double-electron adder. The proposed applications of H can be divided into two broad categories: those in which the proton-spin-selected atoms are used in situ - transformed by ionizing or scattering - in the stabilization cell, and those in which they are extracted by microwave-induced spin flips followed by magnetic field expulsion

[en] We discuss the principles and limitations of detectors of non-ionizing radiation. Four new schemes are presented where large-scale coherence or spin effects could result in an unambiguous signature of dark matter particles in a combined target-detector system. The signature in the proposed detectors would be in the frequency domain response, which bypasses the fundamental problems of threshold and obviates the need for time resolved counting

[en] It is proposed to detect the gentle neutrino scattering introduced as an explanation for the apparent absence of a solar neutrino flux on earth. It should be done with a calorimeter sensitive enough to detect the heating caused by a neutrino beam traversing matter. (author). 9 refs.; 1 tab

[en] This report describes some of the development work done at CERN on polarized targets during past two years. The main emphasis is given to target material research, but some technical developments are also described

[en] There are currently plans to construct neutrino factories based on muon storage rings. Such projects are parts of large programmes for the production, cooling, acceleration and storage of muons for dedicated muon colliders, and the lower-energy neutrino factories are perceived as a first step towards the colliders at a much higher energy. We shall explore possible experiments at the projected high-intensity neutrino beams. Among these experiments the measurement of the nuclear coherent scattering cross section would be based on the use of thermal calorimetric detectors segmented so that self-vetoing would supplement the surrounding veto detectors