[en] Carbon interatomic distance dependence on the binding order is given in the paper. Contributions into diamond lattice expansion from the interstitial atoms and to its compression from vacancies are evaluated. On the basis of this model the relation connecting irradiated diamong lattice expansion with concentration of Frenkel pairs is obtained. According to the same binding order model the values of the mean-square static atomic displacements and the stored energy of irradiated diamond saturated by point defects are calculated; effect of nitrogen impurities on the parameter of the diamong crystal lattice is also evaluated. The calculated values of these parameters are shown to agree with the experiment

[en] The paper is concerned with the experimental results for a fine-grained dispersed diamond irradiated under different conditions. It is shown that the excessive expansion of the fine-grained diamond crystal lattice depends on the neutron flux density. The lower the neutron flux density is and, consequently, the longer irradiation time (for a given neutron flux) is, the larger expansion is observed. This additional expansion of the diamond lattice is explained by annealing of the surface defects which prevent from the expansion

[en] Operation of a crystal measurer of maximum temperature (CMMT) is described. CMMT is related to devices of the contactless group and represents a capsule of 1 mm diameter and 4-5 mm long filled with diamond crystals or SiC irradiated preliminary up to the fluence of 1x10²⁰ n/cm² and gradulated. Parameters of the crystal lattice change after temperature annealing of defects (the Frenkel pairs, interstitials and vacancies); it reflects in X-ray diagrams of CMMT. Annealing temperature is determined according to the diameter of X-ray line ring and annealing time. Examples illustrating temperature measurements by CMMT in discs and turbine blades, pistons, valves of engines in a cutting tool, bearings and other units and elements of machines and mechanisms are presented. A method for temperature measuring in a nuclear reactor by a diamond is described, radiation and annealing effect on the characteristics of working medium of temperature-sensitive element is considered. A review of methods for temperature measuring is given

[en] Results of state testing of the crystalline maximum temperature meter (CMTM) have been presented. The root-mean-square error of a separate measurement under stationary and nonstationary conditions constitutes 6 and 12 deg, respectively. Comparison of statistical data with the data obtained by means of the CMTM permitted to obtain measurement equations excluding a part of the error systematic component. Dependences of the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) on the measured temperature level are obtained both for the diamond and silicon carbide CMTM. RMSD dependence on the temperature has been also estimated by the calculation method based on common considerations. The minimum RMSD value (about 4-5 deg C) is found to be achieved in the 500-1000 deg C temperature range. Brief description of other methods of temperature measurement in a complicated areas for measurements of technical installations is presented and RMSD dependences on measured temperature are considered

[en] Contributions of interstitial atoms and vacancies into graphite lattice parameter change along c and a axes are calculated on the basis on the binding order model (dependence of the carbon interatomic distance on the binding order is used). The contribution into graphite lattice parameter change from the aggregate of interstitial atoms: binary, ternary and larger ones up to extraplanes, is determined on the basis of the same model. The Δc/c : Δa/a ratio for irradiated graphite depending on the radiation and annealing temperature is analysed. Quantitatively calculated values of this ratio for the definite defects agree with the experiment

[en] Direct experiments on defects annealing through electron and beta-quanta in neutron irradiated diamond are carried out. Irradiation by electrons (200 keV) was conducted in electron microscope and gamma-irradiation at the GUT-200 facility (quanta energy was equal to approximately 1 MeV). 3 refs.; 2 figs.; 2 tabs

[en] Experimental data on diamond expansion under neutron irradiation are given. Two expansion stages have been investigated for 70-100 deg C irradiation temperature - in crystalline state and during amorphization. Effect of neutron flux on the nature of diamond expansion depending on neutron fluence has been analysed. Mutual effect of the production rate of disturbances and their annealing including disturbances due to gamma irradiation has been investigated. Dependence of diamond expansion on the irradiation time at different neutron fluxes is given as well

[en] Results of experiments on graphite and diamond reactor irradiation are presented. Effect of accompanying gamma-irradiation on properties of these materials after irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing is discussed. The causes of transformation of defects annealing activation energy spectrum are considered. The role of the defects spectrum in changing the properties of the material under consideration is shown

[en] Experiments into reactor irradiation of a diamond, graphite and steels used to manufacture VVER-440 reactor vessels are studied and discussed. Effect of gamma-radiation following the neutron one is studied. gamma-radiation contributes into annealing of defects caused by neutron irradiation. 7 refs.; 4 figs

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