[en] To determine the progression of proteinuria with duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, it also aimed at grading DR with duration of diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Duration of this study was 5 months, from Feb 2017 to Jun 2017. Material and Methods: This study enrolled 53 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Duration of this study was 5 months from February 2017 to June 2017. Urinary albumin was measured using the turbidometric method (Roche, Germany). A 3.5V Standard Ophthalmoscope (Welch Allyn) was used to examine the fundus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, 52.8% (n=28) were males while 47.1% (n=25) were females. Average age was 56.2 ± 11.6 years. Patients were grouped according to duration of diabetes; group1: disease duration less than 5 years, group 2: disease duration between 5 to 10 years, group 3: disease duration more than 10 years. Average HbA1C was 8.53% in group 1, 9.51 % in group 2 and 10% in group 3. In group 1, 22.6% (n=12) had urinary albumin less than 30 mg/dL. 16.9% (n=9) had urinary albumin equal to or more than 30 mg/dL and less than 300 mg/dL while no patient had urinary albumin equal to or more than 300 mg/dL. A p-value was 0.002. In group 2, 5.6% (n=3) had urinary albumin less than 30 mg/dL. Of 20.7% (n=11) had urinary albumin equal to or more than 30 mg/dL and less than 300 mg/dL while 1.8% (n=1) patient had urinary albumin equal to or more than 300 mg/dL. A p-value was 0.002. In group 3, No patient had urinary albumin less than 30 mg/dL. 18.8% (n=10) had urinary albumin equal to or more than 30 mg/dL and less than 300 mg/dL while 13.2% (n=7) patients had urinary albumin equal to or more than 300 mg/dL. A p-value was 0.001. In group 1, 1.8% (n=1) patient had DR. In group 2, 3.7% (n=2) patients had DR while in group 3, 20.1% (n=11) patients had DR. 45.3% of the patients were on oral hypoglycemic medications, 43.4% patients were on Insulin therapy while 9.4% patients were on Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemics both. Conclusion: Patients had poor diabetic control despite being diagnosed for 5 to 10 years. Albuminuria progressed and grade of retinopathy increased with duration of diabetes. Relatively low rate of renal and retinal complications were found in this study. (author)

[en] In the absence of original design data in the form of drawings and other testing parameters, material analysis and micro structural study of the part has been conducted. A methodology has been presented to establish qualification benchmarks for High Pressure Die Cast Aluminum alloy (LM 24 to BS 1490) parts for aerospace applications. Micro structural study and radiographic inspection of die cast aluminum part revealed the presence of gas porosity due to entrapped gas and other defects in the casting. To establish benchmarks for mechanical testing of the part after die casting, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis has been conducted first to determine aerodynamic forces acting on the part during flights. Based on the finding of the CFD analysis, Finite Element Modeling (FEM) analysis of the part has been conducted. The predicted FEM results show that application of specified loading determined from aerodynamic analysis, touches the elastic limits of the material, therefore it was predicted that increase in loading would result in yielding of the material. Static toad tests based on aerodynamic loads were conducted on the part to validate the theoretical predictions. After CFD and FEM analysis, the die .casting process parameters like die temperature, molten alloy temperature, stroke pressure and nitrogen pressure 1 have been optimized to achieve desired chemical, mechanical and structural characteristics. (author)

[en] Consideration of radiation dose rate effects emphasizes advantages of the template method for lateral distribution of multiple sources in treatment of laterally infiltrating gynecologic cancer, when compared to a conventional technique with colpostats. Biological doses in time dose fractionation (TDF), ret and reu units are calculated for the two treatment methods. With the template method the lateral dose (point B) is raised without significantly increasing the doses to the rectum and bladder, that is, relatively, the calculated biological doses at point A and B are more nearly equivalent and the doses to the rectum and bladder are significantly lower than the dose to point B

[en] Recently, there is an increasing interest in magnetic nano wires because of their unusual properties compared to the bulk materials. To understand the complexity of nano wire arrays and to improve their potential in various applications more studies are still needed, for example, to understand completely the effect of geometrical factors, i.e. aspect ratio, areal density etc., on magnetic properties of these arrays. In this work, arrays of nickel nano wires with aspect ratio is proportional to 1200 and diameter ranging between 25-100 nm were fabricated by electrodeposition in etched ion track templates. Samples with areal density from 1 X 10/sup 6/ cm/sup -2/ to 1 X 10/ sup 8/ cm/sup -2/ were prepared. Measurements of magnetic hysteresis loops were performed at room temperature with SQUID magnetometer and magnetic properties of arrays of different diameters and aspect ratios were compared. Coercivity of the wires showed strong dependence on aspect ratio, diameter and microstructure. Room temperature coercivity of the wires showed a maximum at is proportional to 40 nm diameter and arrays with high density of nano wires showed lower coercivity. The results were discussed by taking into account anisotropies originating from the shape, crystalline structure and magnetostatic interactions among the wires and by previous experimental observations in literature. (Orig./A.B.)

[en] Self-organized, highly ordered and vertically oriented nanotubes have been fabricated on the surface of Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) sheet using an electrochemical route. Anodization is carried out in ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol electrolyte containing ammonium fluoride and de-ionized water. The morphology of nanotubes was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Electron microscopy showed that self-organized nanotubes with regular ordered and extremely smooth wall morphology were obtained in glycerol based electrolyte. The diameter of the nanotubes could be tailored by anodization parameters. The TEM and SAED results revealed that the as-prepared nanotubes are closed at the bottom surface and have crystalline structure. (author)

[en] The effect of sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium metabisulphite (PMS) at various concentrations on chemical, microbiological and sensory quality of mango pulp during storage was assessed. Inhibitory activity of the chemical preservatives and their effect on chemical and sensory attributes was tested periodically by simulating the industrial mango pulp storage in the lab (30-42 deg. C in the dark), for a period of 90 days. Protein, fats, decreased while ash content and total soluble solid (TSS) increased during the storage period. A slight progressive decline in pH was observed with a proportional increase (p<0.05) in the acidity of the stored pulp samples. Significant inhibition of the total bacterial count (TBC) was observed on applying the specified concentrations, however PMS was shown to be more inhibitory. Storage time significantly (p<0.05) increased the CFU/g of the pulp samples as the maximum growth was observed after 90 days of storage. Sensory characteristics of the juice prepared from treated mango pulp samples were affected negatively on addition of preservatives however, the samples were accepted by the judges even after three months of storage. (author)

[en] ZnO based sulfide coaxial nanocables have been prepared by a two-step hydrothermal approach for the investigation of lithium storage capacity. The as-prepared ZnO/ZnS structures are analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and by electrochemical work station. It has been found that these nanostructures demonstrate higher initial discharge capacity of 1096 mAhg/sup -1/ with a 69 percent coulombic efficiency at a rate of 120 mAhg/sup -1/ between 2 to 0.02 V. In addition, ZnO/ZnS structures show a significantly improved photoluminescence performance as compare with pure ZnO NWs. The enhanced lithium storage capacity and PL performance is ascribed to the coaxial structure of both materials. (author)

[en] Thiamine deficiency disease may occur in infants from thiamine-deficient mothers in developing countries, as well as in infants fed solely with soy-based formula. Thiamine deficiency in infants may present with acute neurological manifestations of infantile encephalitic beriberi. To review the role of noncontrast CT brain findings in infantile encephalitic beriberi in early diagnosis. A retrospective review of noncontrast CT scans of the brain in 21 infants with acute-onset infantile encephalitic beriberi was carried out. On noncontrast-enhanced CT brain, hypodense lesions were seen symmetrically in the putamen in all the babies; symmetric hypodensities were seen in the caudate nuclei in 14/21 (67%), in dorsomedial thalami/hypothalamic/subthalamic area in 4/21 (19%), and in the globi pallidi in 2/21 (9.5%) of the infants. Recognition of symmetrical hypodense lesions in the basal ganglia and medial thalami/hypothalamic/subthalamic area on noncontrast CT scan of the brain are important early features to recognize in encephalitic beriberi in at-risk infants. IEBB is a cause of hypodense bilateral basal ganglia and may be identified by this finding in the appropriate clinical settings.

[en] Ni substituted Mn-Co ferrite nanoparticles (Ni/sub x/Co/sub 0.8-x/Mn/sub 0.2/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/), with doping content (x) varying from 0 to 0.1, have been synthesized via co-precipitation route. X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of single phase spinel ferrite structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy exhibits presence of two absorption bands appearing at 500-600 cm/sup -1/ which are characteristic feature of spinel ferrites. Microstructural analyses were carried out by using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope which determine the particle size and chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. From TEM results, average particle size was determined to be about 20 nm, which is in good agreement with XRD results. Magnetic results show increase in coercivity and decrease in saturation magnetization with increasing doping concentration. (author)

[en] Thiamine deficiency in infants is still encountered in developing countries. It may present with acute neurological manifestations of infantile encephalitic beriberi. To review brain MRI findings in infantile encephalitic beriberi from a single institution. A retrospective review of MRI scans in 22 infants with acute-onset beriberi encephalopathy was carried out. Hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images were seen symmetrically in the putamen in all patients, in the caudate nuclei in 16/22 (73%), the thalami in 7/22 (32%) and the globi pallidi in 3/22 (14%) of the infants. Altered signal intensity lesions in the cerebral cortex were seen in 7/22 (32%). The mammillary bodies were seen in one infant and the periaqueductal gray matter in two. There was restricted diffusion in 14/22 (64%), and 6/8 children with no evidence of restriction had been imaged ≥10 days after presentation. MR spectroscopy showed increased lactate peak in 6/8 infants (75%). Recognition of symmetrical T2-W hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia with restricted diffusion and prominent lactate peak may allow early diagnosis of encephalitic beriberi in at-risk infants. (orig.)