[en] Tubular adenoma (TA) is known as a rare lesion of the breast which is difficult to diagnosis preoperatively because of its rarity and similarity to fibroadenoma. Hence, our purpose is to suggest the characteristic sonographic features for its correct diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and mammographic and sonographic findings. of seven patients(mean age, 23) who during the previous five years had presented at our hospital with pathologically-proven tubular adenoma. TA was misdiagnosed as fibroadenoma, since on physical examination of these young females, the lesions presented a palpable, non-tender mass. Mammographically, they showed a well defined mass similar to fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings were characteristic of TA and compared to fibroadenoma, showed a well demarcated and smooth bordered mass with transverse long axis, posterior enhancement and homogeneous lower internal echogenecity. No case showed lateral wall refractive shadowing. In young females, the clinical and mammographic findings of TA are similar to those of fibroadenoma. However, sonographic findings of TA can, be helpful in the differential diagnosis of this entity and fibroadenoma

[en] To document the radiologic characteristic findings of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, we analyzed film mammographic, ultrasonographic, and MRI findings of our cases. We analyzed 23 cases of surgically proven ADH, excluding carcinoma in ipsilateral breast. Presence and pattern of neodensity, microcalcification, and architectural distortion were reviewed on mammography. Echo pattern and ductal parenchymal morphology were analyzed on ultrasonography, and enhancement speed and pattern analysis were performed on MRI. On film mammography, ADH showed tendency of neodensity(10 of 23 cases), microcalcification(11 of 23 cases), with less parenchymal distortion of surrounding structures(7 of 23 case). On ultrasonography, ADH was demonstrated as inhomogenous to intermediate echoic nodule(16 of 20 case) with ragged border(19 of 20 case), however, its boundary was thin or nearly absent(16 of 20 case), and showed smooth ductal echography(11 of 20 cases). Gd- DTPA contrast dynamic MR study showed relative showed and less enhancement in 4 out of 5 cases, with progressive inclination of the speed curve of enhancement in later period of dynamic study. Multimodality image approach is needed for better evaluation of ADH, however, excisional biopsy is recommended for confirmative diagnosis and proper treatment

[en] Mycoplasma Pneumonia is a cause of primary atypical pneumonia, but it is asymptomatic mostly or may cause of only mild symptoms. School-aged children experienced high attack rate and manifestation if 'unusual pneumonia' are noted. So authors reviewed clinical and radiological features of 110 cases of serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumonia in hospitalized children between November 1984 and January 1987 retrospectively. The results were as follows ; 1. The sex distribution was 57:53 (1.1:1) in male to female ratio and 47% of them were 5 though 8 years old of age with peak incidence between 5 and 6 years old of age. 2. The symptoms were cough, fever, and sore throat in descending order of frequency and mean symptom duration before admission was 8.1 day. The prevalent season was earlier winter. 3. The radiologic findings were air-space consolidation with lobar, segmental distribution in 68%, interstitial infiltration in 12%, bronchopneumonia in 12%, chronic bronchitis pattern in 3.6%, normal in 4.5%, hilar LN enlargement in 37%, pleural effusion in 12%. 4. Radiologic resolution period was usually 10 days around (4-25 days) and after complete recovery, scarring change or calcification was not seen. 5. Extrapulmonary manifestations were uncommon but hepatitis, hematuria, skin rash, gastroenteritis, myocarditis, otitis media occurred. 6. With administration of tetracyclin and erythromycin, clinical and radiologic responses were promptly seen

[en] Breast abscess cannot be differentiated from breast malignancy by film mammography. Pain and spread of infection can be developed during film mammography procedure due to compression. However, ultrasonography is known to be an adequate procedure for diagnosis of breast abscesses. Therefore, we performed the present study to document the ultrasonographic findings of breast abscess. We analyzed ultrasonograms of ninexases with surgically proven breast abscesses. All patients were female and their ages ranged from l2 to 56 years(average, 35 years). The lesion was located in the right breast in four cases, and in the left in five cases. On ultrasonography, all lesions were anechoic or low echoic. The lesion showed mixed echogenicityin five cases. Posterior acoustic enhancement was noted in seven cases. Lateral shadowing was seen in four cases.There were skin thickening in five cases and subcutaneous fat obliteration in all cases. Ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of breast abscess

[en] Cryptococcosis is an uncommon mycotic disease caused by Cryptococcosis neoformans, with a special affinity for the respiratory and central nervous system, and less frequently affecting liver, spleen, skin, lymph nodes and kidney. It was first described by Busse in 1984, and since then the occurrences had been world-widely reported with increasing incidence. The outcome of the disease may be fatal when the treatment is delayed. The main portal of entry is via the respiratory tract, and the pulmonary manifestations are not specific but quite varying, that solitary or multiple pulmonary masses, nodular or reticular infiltrations, cavity formation, lymphadenopathy or pleural effusion can be detected on the chest X-ray film simulating many other diseases. Authors analyzed and evaluated 16 cases of confirmed cryptococcosis, and interesting clinical and radiologic features that definitely differed from most of the other reports were notable as follows: 1. The incidence of cryptococcosis ranks 3rd (4.3%) among deep mycoses, next to moniliasis and aspergillosis. 2. 15 of 16 patients are in the period of pediatric age under 16 year old of age. 3. There are no remarkable underlying diseases or predisposing factors encountered in all of the 16 cases. 4. Besides the predominating meningeal irritating symptoms, the involvement of the reticuloendothelial system, l.e., lymph nodes, liver and spleen are notable. 5. Characteristic features of the pulmonary cryptococcosis are: a) 8 of 10 cases have marked hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes enlargement. b) None of the cases reveals solitary pulmonary mass, cavity formation or pleural effusion. c) The lung infiltrations are mainly reticular or coarse nodular pattern. d) The infiltrations s are diffusely distributed on entire lung field, rather than the predilection for the lower lobe. 6. Similarly to most of the other reports, the central nervous system involvement are most frequent (12 of 16 cases). 7. The combined therapy with Amphotericin B and 5-FC was done in all patients and resulted good improvement in 13 of 16 cases.

[en] To evaluate the radiologic findings of breast tuberculosis. The authors evaluated the radiologic findings of five cases of surgically confirmed tuberculosis of the breast. Patients were examined with mammography (n=5), ultrasonography (n=3), and MRI (n=2). All patients were female. Four patients had unilateral lesion and the remaining one patient had bilateral breast tuberculosis. Mammographic findings were mainly radiopaque mass density without secondary signs. Two patients showed secondary signs such as skin thickening, parenchymal distortion, and nipple retraction. Ultrasonographic findings were variable but helpful in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesion, MRI findings were more helpful in differentiating abscess from malignant lesions. Radiologic findings were useful to diagnose tuberculosis of the breast, but fine needle aspiration biopsy and culture were needed for suspicious radiologic findings

[en] The purpose of this study was to compare mammography and breast sonography in detection of breast cancer and to suggest reasonable guideline of breast imaging in breast cancer patients under 30 years of age in whom breast cancer shows different clinicopathologic characteristics compared with breast cancer in older women. Authors reviewed medical records of 27 patients under 30 years of age with pathologically-proven breast cancer. Age, family history, physical examination findings, indications for breast sonography were reviewed. Cases in whom breast cancer lesion is detectable and cases in whom not detectable using mammography or breast sonography were reviewed. And then, authors evaluated the usefulness of each method and reasons for nonvisualization of lesion on mammography. Among 27 patients, 25 patients had palpable breast mass as indication of mammography and breast sonography. Cancer lesions were detectable in 16 of 25 patients (64%) on mammography and 24 of 25 patients (96%) on breast ultrasonography. Reasons for nonvisualization of cancer lesions on mammography were dense breast with nodular parenchyma pattern and minimal breast change of ductal carcinoma in situ. In breast cancer patients under 30 years of age who have palpable breast mass as a initial, and main clinical problem, breast ultrasonography is superior to mammography in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer. We suggest that guidelines can avoid unnecessary mammography in these patients

[en] To compare the galactographic and ductal echographic features of solitary breast papilloma and to determine the role of the ductal echography. Twenty patients with pathologically proven solitary intraductal papilloma were included, and galactography and ductal echography were available in all patients. Galactograms were assessed for the presence of filling defect, obstructed duct and location of lesion. Ductal echograms were assessed for the presence of mass, dilated duct, location of the mass and Kamio type. All ductal echograms and galactograms were reviewed, and the detectability of lesion was evaluated. The detectability of lesion on galactography was 18/20 (90%) and 17/20 (85%) on ductal echography, respectively. There were three cases of Kamio type Ia, fourteen cases of Ib, two cases of Ic and one case of IIb. In four cases with multiple filling defects detected on galactograms, three cases showed single or no lesion on ductal echograms. Two cases without a definite filling defect on galactograms showed a small mass on ductal echograms. In addition, when the proximal duct was completely obstructed, the distal ductal system could be visualized on ductal echogram. Ductal echography showed a similar detectability of intraductal papilloma as galactography, but ductal echography can be complementary to galactography for the diagnosis of the papilloma.

[en] To evaluate the significance of mammographic findings in patients with paget's disease of the breast. The clinical and mammographic records of ten patients with surgically-proved paget disease of the breast were retrospectively reviewed. Of these ten patients, the mammograms of two(20%) were normal, while those of six(60%) showed nipple or subareolar abnormalities, and those of six(60%) showed parenchymal abnormalities. Of six patients who had nipple change only, the mammograms of four showed nipple or subareolar abnormalities and those of three showed parenchymal abnormalities. Of two patients who had nipple change and palpable mass, the mammograms of both showed nipple or subareolar and parenchymal abnormalities. Of two patients who had palpable mass only, the mammograms of both failed to show nipple or subareolar abnormalities and those of one showed parenchymal abnormalities. In Paget's disease of the breast, mammographic findings are nonspecific and are limited to an evaluation of the extension of the primary carcinoma. Therefore clinical findings should be correlated with mammographic findings

[en] To evaluate the clinical and imaging findings of tubular carcinoma of the breast. We retrospectively assessed the clinical and imaging findings of ten lesions of pathologically proven tubular carcinoma in nine patients, also evaluating the mammographic findings and categorizing the mass according to the ACR BI-RADS classification. The ultrasonographic findings were assessed in terms of shpae, echogenicity, margin and posterior shadowing, and in four cases the size of nodules at physical examination was compared with the mammographic, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings. Nine lesions were palpable at physical examination. Bilateral tubular carcinoma of the breast was found in one patient, and unilateral single lesions in the others. There was no metastasis and no death within an average of 666 (range, 163) days of surgery. At mammography, masses were detected in six cases; the features, observed were a lobular or irregular shape (6/6), a spiculated margin (3/6) and high density (5/6). Ultrasonography showed that all unilateral lesions were hypoechoic (8/8), with a lesion height-to-width ratio of greater than 1.0 in seven of these, an ill-defined margin in sis, and posterior acoustic shadowing in seven. Mean nodule diameter was 1.17 cm at physical examination, 1.09 cm at mammogrpahy, 0.86 cm at ultrasonography and 0.80 cm at pathological evaluation. Most tubular carcinomas were palpable in spite of their small size, and their postoperative prognosis was good. Ultrasonograpy is useful in the detection of mammographically occult tubular carcinoma and for measuring the size of lesions