[en] It is shown that in the same way as the Kaluza-Klein theory the extended BRS transformation in the (4 + n)-dimensional Einstein theory is consistently decomposed into the sum of the standard extended BRS transformation in the fourdimensional Einstein and Yang-Mills theory. (orig.)

[en] The BRS symmetry of massive tensor fields is derived through the dimensional reduction technique in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory. The physical S-matrix unitarity for the massive tensor fields is established in the same way as the Kugo-Ojima formalism of the Yang-Mills theory. (orig.)

[en] They calculate explicit expressions of two semiclassical time variables by the WKB approximation and the Ehrenfest principle in a quantum cosmology with a massless background scalar field. Two time variables are compared and confirmed explicitly to be identical when the scale of the Universe is large

[en] It is shown that the BRS transformation in the higher-dimensional Einstein theory can be consistently decomposed in the way of Kaluza and Klein. We get the standard BRS formalism in the four-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. (orig.)

[en] It is shown that the magnetic g factor is unity for any massive spinning particle in the Kaluza-Klein theory of five dimensional space-time. (orig.)

[en] The multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) is a solid-state photon counting device consisting of a Geiger-mode APD and a quenching resistor. Through-silicon via technology (TSV) allows for the production of a discrete array version of the MPPC, creating a detector with the advantages of a larger active area and less dead space in its overall packaging when compared to other package types commonly used to produce MPPCs. Eliminating the need for a wire-bonding pad allows individual MPPCs to be tiled with minimum dead-space between individual detectors to form a four-sided buttable array. Selecting MPPCs that behave and perform very similarly to each other, especially when an operating voltage is applied, minimizes variation in performance between each channel and enhances channel uniformity. The output of discrete arrays of MPPCs can be easily readout with ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) due to their excellent channel uniformity characteristics, with minimum adjustment required by the ASIC. -- Author-Highlights: • TSV-MPPC and assembly technology are developed. • TSV-MPPC array is tiled in 4-sided buttable and has large and dense active area. • The output pulse of MPPC may have sharp rising edge by virtue of TSV. • The uniformity of the array can be maximized by neat inspection technology

[en] We propose a canonical formalism of f(R)-type gravity using a set of phase variables which is partly different from that used in the formalism of Buchbinder and Lyakhovich (BL). The new coordinates corresponding to the time derivatives of the metric are taken to be the Lie derivatives of the metric, which is the same as in BL. The momenta canonically conjugate to the new coordinates and Hamiltonian density are defined similarly to the formalism of Ostrogradski. It is shown that, in our formalism, the Hamiltonian is invariant under the change of the original coordinates, which is not the case in the formalism of BL