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[en] The structure of palladium, platinum and zirconium in the liquid state has been studied by X-ray diffraction near the melting point. In all the cases the structure factor looks similar to those of liquid metals such as copper and silver in contrast to mercury, tin and bismuth which show the small hump or the large asymmetry of the first peak maximum in the structure factor. The atomic radial distribution function was evaluated from the structure factor and the interatomic distance and coordination number of each liquid metal were also obtained. The effective interionic potential was derived from the structural data obtained in this work using the Born-Green equation and applied to the estimation of self-diffusion coefficient and viscosity coefficient in these liquid metals by the kinetic theory of fluids. (orig.)

[en] We report here the comparison of two methods of directly measuring the charge-cloud shapes produced by X-ray photons inside a CCD. The measurements are performed using a mesh technique in which we can confine the X-ray interaction location with subpixel resolution. There are two methods: a DD (double differential) method employs all X-ray events and a CG (center of gravity) method employs only split events. The DD method reveals the mean charge-cloud shape generated in a relatively shallow region, while the CG method reveals one generated in a relatively deep region. We performed the measurement using Al-K X-rays and Mo-L X-rays. The charge-cloud sizes generated by these X-rays are 0.7∼1.7 μm (standard deviation). The charge-clouds clearly show asymmetric shape, elongated perpendicular to the charge transfer direction. This is probably due to the nonuniformity of the electric field inside the CCD

[en] X-ray polarimetry with CCD has been performed using a polarized X-ray beam from an electron impact X-ray source. The standard data reduction method employing double-pixel events yields the modulation factor M of 0.14 at 27 keV and 0.24 at 43 keV for the 12 μm pixel size CCD chip. We develop a new data reduction method, in which multi-pixel events are employed, and which approximates the charge spread as an oval shape. We optimize the reduction parameters, so that we improve the P_min (minimum detectable polarization degree) by factor of three from the value obtained through the usual double-pixel event method

[en] Quick growth optimization of complex oxide, Y-type magnetoplumbite (Ba₂Co₂Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y)) thin films is demonstrated by using combinatorial thin film technology. Planning a CoO buffer layer on MgAl₂O₄(1 1 1) substrate was found to be very effective for preventing the phase separation of Co deficient impurity (BaFe₂O₄) and forming the desired Co₂Y phase. The combinatorial pulsed laser deposition and subsequent concurrent X-ray diffraction facilitate the production of Y-type magnetoplumbite thin film in a single phase

[en] The thermal expansion of platinum, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten was measured between 800 and 2300⁰C by the x-ray diffraction method. These metals were found to exhibit a nearly uniform expansion over the quoted temperature range. (author)

[en] We have constructed a high-throughput spectrometer and a nonlinear optical tester used for the characterization of combinatorial thin-film libraries. The optical spectrometer consists of a multi-channel detector and an automated bidimensional translation stage. The transmission spectrum of an area of 0.5 mmx2 mm can be measured for a wavelength range of 280-900 nm. Our nonlinear optical tester uses a compact mode-locked fiber-laser as an excitation source. The laser beam is focused by a graded index lens, the fundamental light is filtered out, and the third-harmonic (TH) light is detected by a photomultiplier. The data collection and the motion of the stepping motor-driven stage are synchronized. Typical measurement time for a composition-spread thin-film is 5 min. A demonstration is shown for a composition-spread thin-film of one-dimensional cuprate (Sr_xCa_1-x)₂CuO₃ with gigantic third-order optical nonlinearity

[en] After a single whole-body X-irradiation of 300R to male RFM/MsNrs strain mice, the occurrence of myeloid leukemia initiated since four months and ceased at eleven months after irradiation. The cumulative incidence reached 24.5%. A time course study on the kinetics of pluripotential stem-cells (CFU-S) and granuloid committed stem-cells (CFU-C) in the marrow after 300R was also performed. The repopulation of CFU-S was accomplished within one month whereas that of CFU-C needed 210 days after irradiation. The incidence of leukemia was very rare after the complete repopulation of CFU-C. Simultaneously, collected spleen cells from the irradiated mice without overt leukemia were transplanted into 300-600R irradiated recipients of another sex. Three months thereafter, recipients were sacrificed to detect leukemic changes and the origin of leukemic cells by chromosome analysis. The results revealed that leukemic cell transformation of donor cells began 18 days after irradiation and on an average, 37.1% of the irradiated mice carried potentially leukemic cells for seven months after exposure, whereas none of the unirradiated mice carried leukemic cells at 7 months after irradiation. To investigate host factor(s) contributing to the proliferation of leukemic cells, the suppression of cellular immunity after 300R was measured by GVH mortality assay. However, the recovery of cellular immunity was observed until three months after irradiation and the role of cellular immunity to proliferation of leukemic cells after three months was negligible. (author)

[en] Five Japanese PWR utilities (Kansai, Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu, JAPCO) have conducted the joint studies on severe accident management for PWR plants in Japan. The utilities have discussed the severe accident management strategies for 4 typical PWR plants from the viewpoint of voluntary safety regulation. Knowledge obtained from the results of PSA and severe accident studies has been systematically examined, and the event sequences followed by core damage or containment vessel (CV) failure were classified into several categories. Then the accident management strategies against the dominant sequences were specified. Ten candidates for accident management measures against those events were selected, and their effectiveness, feasibility and influences on existing safety functions have been identified. The paper briefly describes the accident management strategies for PWR plants in Japan

[en] (+)-S-145 and S-1452, thromboxane A₂ receptor antagonists, were labelled with ³H and ¹⁴C for studies on the metabolic fate and characterization of receptor binding. ³H and ¹⁴C were incorporated into the benzene ring in the phenylsulfonylamide side chain with specific radioactivities of 26.4 Ci/mmol and 8.73 mCi/mmol, respectively. (author)