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[en] Results of calculations of energetic, spatial and charge distributions of oxygen ions in the Earth's radiation belts are present. The model of oxygen radiation belts for various pitch angles is suggested. Model is based on the solution of stationary Fokker-Planck equation for particles' diffusion due to magnetic and electric field fluctuations and accounts for particles losses due to Coulomb interactions and charge exchange. Particles' distributions are studied as function of fluctuations' power indices and source spectra (both solar and ionospheric) on the magnetosphere boundary. Comparison is made with experimental data

[en] In 1966, Greisen and independently Zatsepin and Kuzmin published evidence for the existence of a relic (GZK) cutoff in the proton energy spectrum in ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 5 × 10¹⁹ eV. Half a century of experimental ground-based UHECR research has resulted in a large amount of data on energy spectra, anisotropy, and mass composition. The first space experiment to measure UHECRs was launched in 2016. In this paper, we discuss the results and prospects of experimental UHECR research in light of the proposed theoretical model of the GZK cutoff. (conferences and symposia)

[en] The results of the studies of thermostimulated depolarization (TSD) and thermostimulated polarization (TSP) of BaB₂O₄ single crystals in 100-400 K temperature range are presented. Notable anisotropy of TSD and TSP has been found. The models of origination of TSD and TSP currents in BaB₂O₄ single crystals have been proposed

[en] It is shown, that both cosmic radiation (external source) and natural radioactive gases (inner source) are sources of neutrons near the Earth crust. Correlation between the Earth crust dynamics and variations of thermal and slow neutron flux near the Earth surface is studied. It is shown, that variations of neutron flux near the Earth crust can be used for short-term predicting of natural hazards

[en] The polar balloon-borne experiment to detect atmospheric fluorescence and Cerenkov light of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) may serve as a useful step of preparation of orbital experiment. A small prototype of spacecraft-borne detector is proposed to be used in balloon-borne experiment

[en] The generation of transients in the Earth’s upper atmosphere under the action of electron fluxes and high- and low-frequency electromagnetic waves has been studied onboard the small Vernov spacecraft (solar synchronous orbit, 98° inclination, height 640–830 km). The studies were carried out with ultraviolet (UV, 240–380 nm), red–infrared (IR, 610–800 nm), gamma-ray (0.01–3 MeV), and electron (0.2–15 MeV) detectors as well as with high-frequency (0.05–15 MHz) and low-frequency (0.1 Hz–40 kHz) radio receivers. Artificial optical signals distributed along the meridian in an extended region of latitudes in the Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres modulated by a low frequency were recorded during the nadir observations at nighttime. Examples of the oscillograms of such signals in the UV and IR spectral ranges and their global distribution are presented. The emission generation altitude and the atmospheric components that can be the sources of this emission are discussed. Particular attention is given to the technogenic causes of this glow in the ionosphere under the action of powerful low- and high-frequency radio stations on the ionosphere.

[en] The generation of transient and other optical phenomena in the Earth’s upper atmosphere under the action of electron fluxes and high- and low-frequency electromagnetic waves resulting from electromagnetic fields [1] has been studied onboard the small Vernov spacecraft (solar synchronous orbit, 98° inclination, altitude 640–830 km). On the night side at middle latitudes, the technogenic glow is shown to be observed along the preferential meridians whose distribution corresponds to the longitudes of the most powerful low-frequency radio stations [2]. The geographic distribution of this glow changes abruptly at the boundary between the day and night sides of the satellite orbit; on the day side, such meridians are not identified, while their geographic distribution in longitude is uniform. The boundaries of the geographic distribution of technogenic glow regions on the day side are unstable in latitude, their northern and southern boundaries are shifted at all latitudes from the North Pole to the South Pole. At middle and low latitudes, zones with random geographic coordinates, where the technogenic glow is completely absent, are observed in the distributions of signals along the meridians. When studying the flashes caused by discharges in the atmosphere, we showed that lightning flashes and transient luminous events at nighttime are observed mainly in equatorial regions, which coincide with zones of high thunderstorm activity. At daytime, flashes of light are recorded much more rarely, have a short duration, are observed most often in the Earth’s polar regions, including the winter periods, the power of their emission exceeds considerably the power of similar (in duration) short flashes observed at night.

[en] Solar proton penetration into the polar caps during the main phase of magnetic storm is one of the important sources of radiation danger in the near-Earth space. The size of the energetic particle penetration area depends on proton energy and on geomagnetic conditions. Low-altitude polar satellite experiments demonstrate that both the intensity of energetic solar particles and data concerning the boundaries of solar particle penetration in the Earth's magnetosphere are important for the estimation of possible SEP damage. Main goal of presented work was to find the possibility to estimate the extreme (the most low latitude) solar particle penetration boundary location during the strong magnetic storms using geomagnetic indices using CORONAS-F and 'Universitetskiy-Tatiana' satellites measurements. (authors)

[en] On the basis of the analysis of the photoluminescence spectra temperature evolution the occurrence of low temperature phase transitions in the DMAAS:Cr³⁺ at T₁=75 K has been confirmed. The conclusion about the localized center nature of the photoluminescence in such crystals was made and the luminescence quenching energy was calculated. As a result, the energy diagram of the Cr³⁺ ions in DMAAS:Cr³⁺ crystals has been refined.