[en] The monoclonal antibody L₄B₄ against transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was prepared and radioimmunoimaging (RII) was studied in nude mice bearing human TCC using L₄B₄. L₄B₄ was identified in vitro by immunohistochemistry. Radioimmunoimaging was performed in human transitional cell carcinoma xenografted nude mice. Immunohistochemistry study showed that L₄B₄ had high specificity for TCC (23/24), compared to that for other malignant tumors (2/24) and benign tumors (0/7). RII study showed that xenografted tumor was demonstrated clearly on the 3rd and 5th day after injection of ¹²⁵I labeled L₄B₄. The T/NT was greater than 4 on the 5th day. The results indicated that L₄B₄ might be useful in the study of TCC and is worthy to do further investigation

[en] Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of delayed ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT pelvic imaging alter forced diuresis in detecting male patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. Methods: Thirty-two male patients (32-79 years) with clinically suspicious recurrences of rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent a standard ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT followed by a delayed pelvic imaging after 2.5 h of administration of 20 mg furosemide intravenously and extra water intake of 500 ml at least. Final diagnosis was made by pathology or clinical follow-up (> 10 months). Diagnostic efficiency of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT standard and delayed pelvic images were calculated and compared. χ² test was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 25 patients were diagnosed with recurrent rectal cancer, including 10 cases with invasion of surrounding tissue, and 5 cases with metastases. Among the 7 patients without local recurrences, 2 had distant metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of standard FDG PET/CT were 92.0%(23/25), 3/7, 81.2%(26/32), respectively. The corresponding values of the delayed imaging were 96.0%(24/25), 6/7, and 93.8%(30/32), respectively. The specificity of delayed imaging was higher than that of standard FDG PET/CT (χ² = 14.333, P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in sensitivity and accuracy between the delayed imaging and standard FDG PET/CT (χ² = 0.085 and 0.966, both P > 0.05). The urinary bladder activity reached or approached the background during the delayed imaging. Twenty-two malignant lesions of surrounding invasion were confirmed. The positive rate of delayed imaging was higher than that of standard FDG PET/CT: 95.5%(21/22) vs 63.6%(14/22); χ² = 6.400, P < 0.05. Conclusions: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT delayed pelvic imaging alter diuresis and hydration is useful for eliminating the artifacts from urinary bladder activity, and for detecting the invasion to the rectal surrounding tissue more effectively. It could be a supplement to standard FDG PET/CT. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of radionuclide-labeled microsphere by intratumoral injection into 18 patients with superficial metastasis tumor for treatment. Methods: 18 patients with superficial metastasis were treated with radionuclide-labeled microsphere (⁹⁰Y-GTMS and ³²P-GTMS) by multi-point intratumoral injection. Each injection dose was 11.1-18.5 MBq/g (tumor). Results: 1 patient was relieved completely, 9 were relieved partly, 5 were improved and 3 kept stable. The total rate of relief and virtual value were 55.6% and 83.3% respectively. Conclusion: Topical treatment by using radionuclide may help diminish the tumor, control its progress and ease the symptoms. Thus it can be used as a supplement of routine treatment of tumors and it should do some work in therapy of malignant tumors in late stages

[en] Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT delayed imaging after induced diuresis for primary bladder tumor. Methods: Fourteen patients (12 males, 2 females; age range 35-88 years) with pathologically confirmed primary bladder tumor (clinical stage T_1-3N₀M₀) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent standard ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT followed by a delayed (2.5-3.0 h later) pelvic imaging post intravenous injection of 20 mg furosemide and oral intake of 600 ml water. A 'positive' lesion was defined as the uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG greater than the urine radioactivity and 'negative' as equaled to or less than the urine radioactivity. Diagnostic efficacy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was calculated with pathology as the gold standard. Mann-Whitney u test was used to analyze data. Results: There were 12 malignant (11 urothelium carcinomas and 1 squamous cell carcinoma) and 2 benign tumors (papillary epitheliomas). On standard PET/CT imaging, 3 of 12 malignant lesions showed increased metabolism of ¹⁸F-FDG and the other 9 were false negative; while the 2 benign tumors showed no abnormal ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 3/12, 2/2 and 5/14, respectively. Sizes of the 3 ¹⁸F-FDG-avid malignant lesions were greater than those of other 9 ¹⁸F-FDG-negative lesions (26, 30, 35 mm vs (15.6 ± 6.3) mm; Z = -2.315, P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of delayed pelvic imaging were 11/12, 2/2, 13/14, respectively. Conclusion: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT delayed imaging after diuresis has a high diagnostic efficacy for primary bladder tumor. (authors)

[en] Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of malignant cancer treated with intervention of ⁹⁰Y-lasbelled glass microspheres. Methods: 18 cancer patients with primary tumor located in liver (6 cases), lung (5 cases), cervical lymph node metastases (5 cases), maxillary sinus carcinoma (1 case) and chest wall metastasis (1 case) were included in the study. All patients were confirmed by pathological diagnosis. ⁹⁰Y-lasbelled glass microspheres was injected with or without the help of type-B ultrasonic and CT. Results: Out of 18 cases of patients, 2 cases were CR, 9 cases were PR, 6 cases were SD and one case was PD. 14 cases were showed pain relief and the other 4 cases were no significant relief of pain. Conclusion: This method is effective in the therapy of malignant cancer, and it has great potential for clinical application. (authors)

[en] "9"9"mTc-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 was prepared and tested as a new potential 5-HT_1_A receptor imaging agent in vivo. This complex had moderate brain uptake (0.31%ID/g at 2 min p.i.). The hippocampus uptake was the highest (1.00%ID/g at 2 min p.i.), while the cerebellum uptake was only 0.63%ID/g at 2 min p.i. This is agreed with the distribution of 5-HT_1_A receptor in the brain. After blocking, the uptake of hippocampus and the hippocampus/cerebellum ratio was decreased obviously. This result showed that "9"9"mTc-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 had specific binding to the 5-HT_1_A receptor and it could be developed as a potential 5-HT_1_A receptor imaging agent in the future. (authors)

[en] The goal of this study is to develop a new ⁹⁹Tc^m-complex as a potential 5-HT_1A receptor imaging agent. Ligand HYNIC-MPP2, containing the MPP moiety was synthesized and labeled with technetium-99m. The ⁹⁹Tc^m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 complex was prepared in high yield (>95% by TLC) with N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) glycine (Bicine) as coligand at room temperature (RT) and it remained stable over 6 h at RT. ⁹⁹Tc^m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 complex is neutral and hydrophilic, that were conformed by paper electrophoresis and octanol/water partition coefficient, respectively. In vivo biodistribution of ⁹⁹Tc^m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 was investigated in normal mice. The result shows that this complex has moderate brain uptake (0.31%ID/g at 2 min post-injection(p. i.)). The regional brain distribution and blocking studies show that its hippocampus uptake of ⁹⁹Tc^m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 is the highest (1.00%ID/g at 2 min p. i.), while the cerebellum uptake is only 0.63%ID/g at 2 min p. i.. This is agreed with the distribution of 5-HT_1A receptor in the brain. After blocking with 8-OH-DPAT, the uptake of hippocampus is decreased obviously (0.42%ID/g), while the cerebellar uptake has no significant difference. The hippocampus/cerebellum uptake ratio is decreased from 1.59 to 0.89 after blocking. This result shows that ⁹⁹Tc^m-Bicine/HYNIC-MPP2 has specific binding to the 5-HT_1A receptor and it can be developed as a potential 5-HT_1A receptor imaging agent in the future. (authors)

[en] Highlights: • A framework for estimation of friction force during refueling of nuclear reactor is presented. • An unknown input Kalman filter is introduced for reducing the uncertainty associated with the data. • The estimation technique is used to estimate the friction force during fault detection of the graphite core of Advanced Gas Reactor. - Abstract: Some traditional methods for parameter estimation and fault detection may lead to poor results with nuclear systems in practice because approximations and uncertainties in the system models possibly result in unexpected plant unavailability. This experience has led to an interest in development of estimation and fault detection methods for nuclear systems. In this paper, we present a framework for estimation of friction force during refueling. Specifically, an unknown input Kalman filter is introduced for reducing the uncertainty associated with the data, that arise due to many reasons including random noise and disturbances. Based on our proposed model, the estimation technique developed by this paper is used to estimate the friction force during condition monitoring of the graphite core of Advanced Gas Reactor

[en] We investigated the effect of spin-orbit coupling on magnetoresistance in nonmagnetic organic semiconductors. A Lorentz-type magnetoresistance is obtained from spin-orbit coupling-dependent spin precession under the condition of a space-charge-limited current. The magnetoresistance depends on the initial spin orientation of the electron with respect to the hole in electron—hole pairs, and the increasing spin-orbit coupling slows down the change in magnetoresistance with magnetic field. The field dependence, the sign and the saturation value of the magnetoresistance are composite effects of recombination and dissociation rate constants of singlet and triplet electron—hole pairs. The simulated magnetoresistance shows good consistency with the experimental results. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

[en] Quantitative imaging of asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors could estimate the function of the liver. HYNIC-NGA was prepared via introduce bifunctional coupling agent hydrazino nicotinamide to NGA and radiolabeled with ⁹⁹Tc^m by using N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) glycine (bicine) and hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) as coligands, respectively. The labeling yield of ⁹⁹Tc^m-bicine/HYNIC-NGA and ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC- NGA was above 80% under the optimized labeling conditions. After purified with HiTrap desalting column, the radiochemical purity of both ⁹⁹Tc^m-complexes were > 95%. The bio- distribution of ⁹⁹Tc^m-bicine/HYNIC-NGA and ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA were investigated in normal mice. The blocking experiment of ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA was per- formed in normal mice by using GSA (10 mg/kg) as blocking agent. The results of biodistribution showed that the liver uptakes of ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA were 86.57± 5.68%, 74.63±8.74 and 45.11±4.21% ID/g at 5, 30 and 120 min after injection, respectively. While for ⁹⁹Tc^m-bicine/HYNIC-NGA, its liver uptakes were 56.58±6.57, 38.06± 3.35 and 23.17±4.96% ID/g, respectively. Both of these tracers showed good initial liver uptake with good retention. The liver uptake of ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA decreased obviously after blocked by pre-injecting free GSA as blocking agent at 5 min after injection, which indicated that the specific could bind to ASGP receptor. Compared with ⁹⁹Tc^m-bicine/ HYNIC-NGA, ⁹⁹Tc^m-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA had higher liver uptake and better retention, and it could be developed as a novel hepatocyte-targeting agent to evaluate hepatic function and clinical use in the future. (authors)