[en] The paper deals with the rules governing void swelling in austenitic Ni-Cr steels and alloys, ferritic steels and α-Ti and Ti-Zr alloys under ion and neutron irradiations. High resistance of high nickel austenitic alloys to irradiation-induced swelling is explained. The effect of pronounced continuous and homogeneous decomposition of the solid solution during ircubation period for acceleration of point radiation defect recombination is shown to be of importance. Void swelling resistance of h.c.p. and b.c.c. alloys and steels is analyzed. It is assumed that the high resistance of these materials to the irradiation-induced swelling is to be also associated with elastically deformed regions at the ''precipitation-matrix'' interface at early stages of solid solution decomposition

[en] Concept, that alloys surface sputtering rate should depend on structural state peculiarities, is put forward on the basis of the earlier established determining influence of structural transformations at pre-precipitation stage on radiation damage weakening of structural materials. Indeed, at argon ion irradiation of KH12N23TCH austenic precipitation hardening steel in different structural states essential changing of sputtering rate is determined. Sputtering coefficient decrease is bond with the point defects additional forced recombination in stress fields

[en] Reviewed are the investigations of the heat-resistance and swelling of the chrome-nickel austenite steels and alloys. Pointed out is the importance of the early stages of decay in solid solutions and also the influence of the iniformity of the secondary phase precipitation in the grains on the heat-resistance criteria and opposition to the radiation swelling of alloys. It is shown that through alloying swelling may be suppressed and the influence of the neutron impact on the deformation ability of high-nickel austenite steels and alloys reduced considerably

[en] Regularities of vacancy void formation and radiation induced swelling of austenitic chromium-nickel steels and alloyse ferritic steels as well as titanium α-alloys under radiation by light and heavy ions and neutrons are considered. Possible methods for preparation of alloys with increased resistance to radiation swelling are described. Accounting for investigations into ferritic steels and α-alloys of titanium the basic way of weakening vacancy smelling is development of continuous homogeneous decomposition of solid solution using alloying with vividly expressed incubation period at a certain volumetric dilatation as well as decompositions of the type of ordering, K-state, lamination of solid solutions, etc. Additional alloying of solid solutions is also shown to be necessary for increasing recrystallization temperature of cold-deformed steel

[en] The paper describes radiation-induced simple and complex defects and shows their effect on the acceleration of diffusion processes, on diffusion occurrence under lower temperatures, on the intensive formation of carbide, intermetallic and other excessive phases. The effect of radiation vulnerability to damage on the serviceability of materials is studied using Kh12N23T2 steel and 03Kh20N45M4B alloy as examples, in particular. 13 refs

[en] Peculiarities of radiation swelling of austenite chromium- nickel steels and alloys depending on nickel content in them and peculiarities of structural transformations at early stages of decomposition of solid solutions are considered. High resistivity to vacancy swelling of high-nickel austenite alloys is explained by reinforcement of recombination of point defects in elastic-distorted regions formed on the boundary surface preextraction-matrix. Resistivity to radiation swelling of alloys and steels of hcp and vcp lattices is analyzed. It is supposed that high resistivity of these materials to radiation swelling should be also connected with peculiarities of flowing early stages of decomposition

[en] The influence of neutron radiation doses on variations in plastic properties within the range of 20-750 deg C is studied for austenitic chromium-nickel steel A-348 (Kh18N10BTa). The most noticeable drop of specific elongation in the irradiated material is observed within the temperature range of 200-400 deg C. It is shown that neutron irradiation decreases a strain hardening coefficient, uniform and general elongation in austenitic materials. Strength properties of austenitic materials can decrease with an increase of a neutron radiation dose if the uniform elongation practically degenerates and the local elongation sharply drops. The character of strength degradation in austenitic steels and alloys is determined by their ductility after neutron irradiation

[en] Thermal embrittlement of the 05Kh13N4M martensitic steel after ageing in the temperature range from 250 to 1000 deg C and structural transformations have been studied. X ray diffraction physico-chemical and metallographic methods of analysis have been used. It has been shown on the basis of the found regularities of changes in mechanical and physical properties after ageing that the 05Kh13N4M steel hardening and embrittlement take place long before the formation of isolated cubic carbide of the M₂₃C₆ type. A conclusion has been made that the change of physico-mechanical properties in the process of ageing is conditioned by structural transformations in the initial martensitic matrix at the M₂₃C₆ carbide pre-precipitation stages

[en] Effect of heating using energy concentrated sources (for example, using electron beam) on the rate of occurrence of phase transitions is studied. Processes occurring under heating and cooling during electron-beam thermal treatment of U8A steel are studied with regard to unavoidable deficit of time. Important role of process incompleteness, of chemical heterogeneity and fineness in determination of material service-ability is pointed out. 8 refs.; 3 figs

No abstract available