[en] Techniques are described for studying the economy of carbon and nitrogen in annual nodulated legumes. Budgets for utilization of net photosynthate are constructed for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), including expenditure in respiration and dry matter accumulation of plant parts, carbon consumption in growth, respiration and export of fixed nitrogen by nodules, and the provision of recent photosynthate and earlier-fixed carbon to fruits. Sources of nitrogen to fruits are defined, and efficiencies of conversion of net photosynthate to protein of above-ground vegetative parts and of seeds are computed. Consideration is given to the timing of events associated with loss of symbiotic activity after flowering. Literature giving estimates of the respiratory requirements of nitrogen fixation by nodules is reviewed. Rates of respiration of nodules of cowpea, white lupin and pea (Pisum sativum L.) are assessed from a theoretical viewpoint, basing the estimates on ATP requirements for assimilation of N₂ into nitrogenous solutes, and published values for respiration costs in plant tissues. Expressed as CO₂ output per unit of nitrogen assimilated, these estimates greatly exceed the experimentally-observed CO₂ efflux of nodules of the species. This discrepancy is examined in relation to the capacity of nodules to fix CO₂ and the uncertainty of the in vivo requirement of nitrogenase for ATP

[en] The majority of lung cancers are unresectable at diagnosis. The radiation tolerance of the surrounding spinal cord and heart limits the external radiation therapy dose. Interstitial radiation implantation was utilized to deliver higher radiation dose, sparing the surrounding normal tissues in patients with unresectable nonoat cell cancers of the lung less than 8 cm in diameter localized to the thorax with no associated pleural effusion. The methods of implantation included permanent interstitial iodine-125 implantation of the gross disease in the lung and/or lymph nodes delivering about 120 Gy (12,000 rads) in 1 year and removable iridium-192 interstitial implantation of residual disease in the mediastinum, chest wall, or margin or resection in the lung, delivering about 30 Gy (3000 rads) in three days. Supplementary external radiation therapy of 40 Gy (4000 rads) in 4 weeks is delivered 4-6 weeks after implantation. This article presents our experience with 11 cases, with early short-term follow-up results, and is designed to stimulate others to evaluate a similar approach to improve local control and survival in unresectable lung cancers

[en] Four-year-old tagasaste trees in dense plantation and wide-spaced alley cropping layouts at Moora, Western Australia, were cut back to 0.6 m high and their patterns of coppice regrowth and water use monitored over 3 years. Trees reached a permanent fresh watertable at 5 m depth by means of deeply penetrating sinker roots. Dry matter (DM) accumulation and transpiration loss were closely similar at the 2 planting densities despite higher soil water contents in alley plots. Yearly transpiration at plantation density amounted to 0.55 and 0.63 of Penman-Montieth potential evapotranspiration (E₀) in the second and third years, respectively. Mean water use efficiency over the 3 years was 247 L/kg DM, compared with values in the range 186-320 L/kg for younger pot-and column-grown trees. Using a combination of neutron moisture metre (NMM) assays of soil moisture and deuterium: hydrogen ratios of groundwater and xylem water of tagasaste and annual weeds, it was shown that trees became increasingly dependent on groundwater over time and had the capacity to switch rapidly between soil and groundwater sources. Seasonal changes in carbon isotope composition of new shoot tip dry matter indicated that plantation trees were less stressed than alley trees by the third summer as they adapted to heavy dependence on groundwater. In the third season, when plantation trees were transpiring at rates equivalent to 2.3 times annual rainfall, NMM profiles and time domain reflectometry (TDR) assays indicated that no free drainage occurred and that trees were capable of hydraulically lifting groundwater to near surface soil in the dry season. Additional adaptive features of importance to this environment included heat stress induced leaf shedding, development of perennial root nodules on lower parts of tap roots, and an ability to respond in summer to artificial irrigation or a seasonal rainfall by rapidly increasing transpiration 2-3-fold to values equalling E₀. Copyright (2001) CSIRO Australia

[en] We present the design, the parameters of a small test Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) facility, which is under construction at Collider-Accelerator Department, BNL. This R and D facility has goals to demonstrate CW operation of ERL with average beam current in the range of 0.1 - 1 ampere, combined with very high efficiency of energy recovery. A possibility for future up-grade to a two-pass ERL is considered. The heart of the facility is a 5-cell 700 MHz super-conducting RF linac with HOM damping. Flexible lattice of ERL provides a test-bed for testing issues of transverse and longitudinal instabilities and diagnostics of intense CW e-beam. ERL is also perfectly suited for a far-IR FEL. We present the status and our plans for construction and commissioning of this facility