[en] The work of the Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was presented in March 2014. Entitled Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, this second volume of the fifth IPCC Assessment Report details the impacts of climate change to date, future risks due to climate change and opportunities for effective intervention to reduce these risks. The effects of climate change are already being felt in all sectors and in all areas (agriculture, health, land and ocean ecosystems, water supply), and on every land mass and ocean (from small islands to large continents) from the richest to the poorest. Climatic change often interacts with other sources of stress to increase risk. The world is nevertheless unprepared for the risks of climate change and adaptation can contribute greatly to reducing them. Since its creation in 2001, the 'Observatoire national sur les effets du rechauffement climatique' or ONERC has worked for the dissemination of knowledge on climate change and its expected impacts on natural and human systems. Published in 2011 under the aegis of ONERC, the 'Plan national d'adaptation au changement climatique' (national plan for adaptation to climate change) (PNACC) points out that the forest sector has been facing serious crises over the last decade, such as storms, droughts and recurrent forest fires. Climate change appears as an additional risk factor, which must therefore be afforded the keenest attention. From this point on, in addition to these exceptional events we must also take stock of background developments, given the length of forest life cycles. These events and developments present a double aspect, with some more favourable (increased productivity in some areas) and others more problematic (changes to the areas of distribution of species, increased risks), both requiring management. The ONERC advisory board wanted the 2013 report to take up the issue of trees and forests facing the challenges of climate change. This report is intentionally limited to mainland France, since for overseas areas the topic has already been the subject of a chapter in the sector-specific analysis of a previous report entitled 'Les outre-mer face au defi du changement climatique' ('Overseas departments facing the challenge of climate change'). Moreover, most of the elements related to forest management are still relevant for overseas areas. This report is organized into seven chapters. The first introduces the problem, outlining the different aspects of trees and forests and explaining the different services they provide. The second deals with the visible or expected effects of climate change on trees and forests. The third deals with protective forests and explores possible developments of this particular service. The fourth looks at forest management methods promoting the adaptation of forests and trees. The fifth tackles the lesser known problem of agroforestry, the usefulness of trees for adaptation in agricultural areas. The sixth reflects upon those economic activities related to the forest industries. The seventh and final chapter addresses the topic with an unusual perspective, suggesting a walk in the Troncais forest in 2050. Three appendices complete this report: Appendix 1 - report on the observatory's activity, Appendix 2 - abbreviations and acronyms, Appendix 3 - contributors and acknowledgements
[fr]
Alors que les ecosystemes forestiers connaissent un cycle de developpement et de reproduction long (entre cinquante et deux cent cinquante ans en moyenne), le changement climatique, decrit dans les rapports du GIEC, impose des pressions fortes et brusques qui equivalent a un choc, et peuvent menacer leur survie. Ainsi l'aire de repartition favorable a telle ou telle espece se retrouve deplacee vers le nord ou en altitude. Au-dela du diagnostic, de nombreux defis lies au climat sont a relever, aujourd'hui, pour preserver la foret francaise metropolitaine de demain. Les acteurs de ces ecosystemes vont devoir agir en coordination sur plusieurs fronts pour accompagner l'adaptation des forets et assurer l'existence d'un etat boise, preserver la fourniture des biens et services environnementaux a la societe et, egalement, conserver leur role d'attenuation du changement climatique. En effet, si des arbres et des forets en bonne sante et en croissance permettent de fixer du carbone et donc de reduire les emissions de gaz a effet de serre, tel n'est pas le cas lorsque les vegetaux deperissent ou subissent des incendies. Un recit d'anticipation se deroulant en foret de Troncais en 2050 propose enfin un point de vue original sur ces aspects, dans un monde devenu ecocitoyen. Cet exercice de prospective illustre dans un futur proche le resultat des decisions prises aujourd'hui. a la lumiere des derniers developpements scientifiques, le present rapport eclaire les differents aspects des impacts du changement climatique pour l'arbre et la foret, en s'attachant a identifier des pistes d'action d'adaptation, lorsqu'elles paraissent pertinentes et suffisamment robustes. Les forestiers et les agroforestiers rencontrent, aujourd'hui, l'opportunite inedite de developper des actions anticipatives en s'appuyant sur les projections climatiques pour modeler un paysage resilient au climat de demainSource
2014; 2015; 193 p; ISBN 978-2-11-009766-8; 
; [180 refs.]; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses
; [180 refs.]; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses