No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] The surface of oxidized and reduced iron-ruthenium catalytic systems containing from 8 to 80 mass % RuO₂ in Fe₂O₃ has been studied by the method of X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy. Compounds of ruthenium and iron on the surface of the systems have been determined. The range of RuO₂ concentrations in Fe₂O₃, in which after reduction in hydrogen the surface of catalytic system is enriched by ruthenium, has been ascertained. Reactivity of ruthenium catalysts in the reaction of ammonia synthesis has been defined. 25 refs.; 6 figs.; 1 tab

[en] The data on observations and the results of theoretical investigations of galactic and solar cosmic rays and radiation belts of the Earth as applied to the problem of dynamics of radiation characteristics of cosmic radiations ar systematized. In the framework of dynamic (cosmophysical) approach the properties of radiation sources are briefly described. Physical parameters determining the particles distribution in the solar corona, interplanetary medium and interstellar space are analyzed in detail, the methods of forecasting solar cosmic ray fluxes are described

[en] Field emission currents emitted by micro-emitters are a limiting factor for the operational gradients of accelerating radio frequency (rf) cavities. Within the rf field emission theory the existence of needle like micro field emitters with very high length relative to the radius and corresponding high enhancement factor (β) is assumed. In this article the hypothesis that micro field emitters consists of long chains of conductive micro-particles is considered. Five different forces acting onto the particles in a high rf field are considered and the respective equations are derived. Some experimental observations and their explanation within this hypothesis are discussed.

No abstract available

[en] To evaluate the ionizing radiation effects on the BFO it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the dose effects on BFO, shielding and self-shielding of different parts of the BFO and physical characteristics of radiations. The evaluations of the BFO shielding were made on the basis of the shielding calculation of 330 points in which BFO were placed. The calculations show that tissue thickness of the shielding BFO varies from 1 to 70 g/cm². The percentage of thicknesses of 2,5 and 10 g/cm² is 5,22 and 50 respectively. With the help of these data the proton doses from solar cosmic rays with characteristic rigidities in the range from 60 to 200 MV were calculated. These results show that the effective thickness of BFO shielding depends strongly on the characteristic rigidity. As a result of the irradiation irregularity of different parts of the BFO and the type of the dose effect function, the radiation effects of the cosmic ray protons may be evaluated with the help of the dose value mean with respect to BFO

[en] Short note

[en] During the flight of the main missions on board the MIR station the individual doses of the crew members and the dose inside the core module was measured by the ID-3M package and R-16 dosimeter, respectively. Comparison of the skin dose measured by ID-3M unit and calculated by the transmission coefficient method on the basis of R-16 data in each of 23 main missions permits estimation of the systematic error of the transmission coefficient method. The mean value of this error is equal to 32%