[en] Sixteen patients with severe intractable haemorrhagic cystitis following radiotherapy, two of them with bleeding tumours, were treated surgically by cutaneous ureterostomy with or without contralateral nephrectomy. They had undergone various forms of conservative treatment and were treated by surgery only when conservative therapy had failed. In these poor risk patients a cutaneous ureterostomy was employed as a lesser procedure than an ileal loop. Of the 16 who underwent urinary diversion 11 were completely free of haemorrhage and three continued to have slight intermittent haematuria. (author)

[en] This book describes the scientific and clinical developments in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Its purpose is to elucidate the field of immunotherapy, immunobiology and to report recent data on basic and clinical research, including several of the most discussed trends. Of particular interest are the current achievements of photodynamic therapy and the results of metastasis surgery, especially for bone, lung, and liver disease. The interdisciplinary cooperation between surgeons, urologists, immunologists and biologists has led to promising new modalities that have already resulted in improved survival of patients. (orig.)

[en] Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging renal carcinoma. Material and methods: 33 renal carcinomas were preoperatively examined for tumour staging by CT and MR imaging and correlated with histopathological staging. CT imaging was performed at first as a non-contrast scan. Finally incremental images (10 mm) after intravenous contrast injection were obtained. In MR imaging we performed a transversal T₁-weighted GE sequence (112/5) with and without GDTPA, a transversal fat-suppressed double-echo sequence (3900/22/90), a coronal T₁-weighted GE sequence with and without GDTPA and a coronal T₂-weighted TSE sequence (2800/128). In addition, dynamic T₁-weighted GE imaging after GDTPA injection as well as TOF angiography in coronal direction were performed. Finally CT and MRI findings were correlated with surgical and histopathological staging results. Results: CT and MRI staging was correct in 27 and 28 of 33 tumours. Sensitivity and specificity for tumour stage T3 b to T4 was for MRI and CT 88.9% and 95.8%. With MRI 4 out of 7 thrombi were correctly diagnosed with high accuracy, but via CT none. Conclusion: In early stage renal carcinoma CT and MR imaging yielded similar staging accuracies. In advanced renal carcinoma MRI was superior to CT imaging, especially in diagnosing tumour thrombus. Consequently the extent of tumour thrombus may be assessed by MRI which may therefore replace conventional cavography. (orig.)