[en] Five compounds were isolated for the first time from Salvia cabulica namely 3 beta- hydroxyrus-12-ene-28-oic acid I candelabrone-12-methyl ether 2 luteolin-7 -galactoside 3, a mixture of a-amyrin-4 and, beta-amyrin 5 along with Lupeol 6. Compound 3 was isolated from ethyl acetate extract (C), whereas compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, were obtained from the acetone extract (D) (Scheme-1) of the crude extract. The structures of all the isolated compounds were characterized by comparing the E1 MS, FAB (+ve /-ve), IH and /sub 13/C NMR (ID/2D), UV/VIS and IR spectroscopic observed data with the reported literature values as well as data obtained by the chemical methods. beta-Sitosterol 7 has also been isolated and its structure was unambiguously confirmed by the single crystal X -ray crystallography (Fig. 1). (author)

[en] Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) films have been deposited at temperatures less than 100 deg. C in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma reactor from a gas phase combination of O₂, SiH₄, and He. The ECR configuration provides a highly ionized plasma density with low ion energies that gives efficient dehydrogenation of the growing material while minimizing defect creation. The effects of the O₂/SiH₄ gas flow ratio and He gas flow rate, microwave power and gas pressure on the physical and electrical properties of the film are reported. The physical characterization of the material gives a refractive index of 1.45, an etch rate in buffered HF below 3 nm/s and a hydrogen content of less than 2 at. %. Electrical tests reveal a resistivity in excess of 10¹⁴ Ω cm, an average breakdown strength of 4 MV/cm, fixed charge and interface state densities of 10¹¹ cm^-2 and 10¹² eV^-1 cm^-2, respectively. This has been mainly achieved by using a O₂/SiH₄ gas flow ratio of about 2, while working in the low pressure regime below 5 mTorr and at moderate microwave powers of up to 1000 W. A strong correlation between the physiochemical and electrical properties of the deposited film was observed over the entire range of process parameters

[en] Objectives: To compare effectiveness of low-dose bupivacaine-fentanyl versus conventional dose of bupivacaine in parturients undergoing cesarean section and the frequency of hypotension in two regimens. Study design: Randomized clinical study Place and duration of study: Anesthesiology Department and Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Civil Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, from July to December 2019. Material and methods: 52-women undergoing cesarean section were randomly allocated into two groups; 26-patients in group-A were given 10 mg bupivacaine, and 26 in group-B, 5 mg bupivacaine-25μg fentanyl. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were recorded. Intra-operative pain assessment was done using visual analog scale (VAS). Duration of effective analgesia was taken from the time of intra-thecal injection to a VAS score ≥4. Systolic BP (SBP)<20% of preoperative value was labelled as hypotension. Data was analyzed with SPSS 19. Results: Mean age was 26.19±4.31 years. There was no significant difference among age, weight, height and ASA of patients in two groups (p=0.65, 0.052, 0.19, and 0.39, respectively). Mean baseline SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were not significantly different. Men final SBP was significantly different (p = 0.006), while no significant difference was seen in DBP and heart rate and duration of surgery (p=0.23, 0.42, 0.23, respectively). The duration of analgesia was more prolonged in group-B (p<0.001), and hypotension was significantly higher in group-A (p=0.005). Conclusion: Low-dose intra-thecal bupivacaine and fentanyl provides more effective spinal anesthesia for cesarean section with less hypotensive episodes. (author)

[en] Balloon dilatation of Primary Achalasia Cardia (PAC) is usually performed under antegrade endoscopic guidance, with conscious sedation. The main goals of this prospective study were to assess the safety and efficacy of pneumatic dilatation without conscious sedation and to determine the endoscopic signs of effacement of the balloon waist. Pneumatic dilatation was successfully performed as outdoor procedure without conscious sedation in patients (n= 25; mean age 42.56 years) with endoscopic and radiologic diagnosis of PAC. Immediate relief of symptoms was observed in 23 (92%) cases. Effacement of the balloon waist under endoscopic vision was appreciated in all cases in the present study. Common complications of pneumatic dilatation were chest pain in all (100%) subjects and mild local bleeding in 17 (68%) patients. There was no cancellation of procedure. Re-dilatation was required in 2 (8%) cases. The duration of follow-up was from 6 weeks to 23 months. Pneumatic dilatation of PAC can be safely performed as same day procedure, without conscious sedation. Obliteration of the balloon waist can be readily determined by antegrade endoscopic assessment of stretch on the lower oesophageal sphincter (EASL). (author)

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] To mimic the direct effect of ionizing radiation on DNA, deoxygenated aqueous solutions of potassium peroxodisulphate, tert-butanol and 1,3,6-trimethyluracil (1,3,6-Me₃ U) or 1,3-dimethylthymine (1,3-Me₂T) were irradiated with ⁶⁰Co γ rays; the sulphate radical formed by the reaction of the solvated electron with peroxodisulphate oxidizes these pyrimidines. In the case of 1,3,6-Me₃ U, a chain reaction results in the formation of sulphuric acid, the glycols (two thirds) and 1,3,6-trimethylisobarbituric acid (one third). The 1,3-Me₂T system behaves differently. No chain reaction of any significance is induced. As the corresponding products are not observed in the 1,3,6-Me₃ U system, it is concluded that in contrast to the 1,3,6-Me₃ U radical cation, the 1,3-Me₂ T radical cation efficiently deprotonates (at C⁵-methyl), apart from also being able to react with water. Quantum-chemical model calculations on uracil, thymine and 6-methyluracil show why 1,3-Me₂ T and 1,3,6-Me₃ U should differ in their behaviour. (author)

[en] The present investigation reports the concentrations of total chromium and its species i.e. chromium (Cr (III) and Cr (VI)) assessed in soil, drinking water and effluents of tanneries distributed in ten clusters of Sialkot District, Pakistan. 120 samples consisting 40 samples each of topsoil, drinking water, and composite wastewater were collected from the selected tannery clusters. The chelation extraction, and digestion method followed by atomic absorption spectrometer were used to analyze Cr (VI) and total Cr, respectively in soil, wastewater and drinking water at 427 nm and 540 nm, respectively. The concentration of total chromium, Cr (III), and Cr (VI) in wastewater, drinking water, and soil was found to be in range of (Cr) 16.12-36.83 mg/L, 1.0483-3.1824 mg/L, and 3.45-11.43 mg/kg (Cr (III) 0.97-13.25 mg/L, 0-1.05, and 1.56-9.80 mg/kg, and Cr (VI)11.69-28.61 ppm, 0.83-5.96 ppm, and 2.12-11.85 ppm, respectively. The concentrations of chromium contents are above the National Environmental Standard of Pakistan. It was found that pH above 6 leads to higher concentration of Cr (VI) in the samples due to oxidation behavior. The study recommends the treatment of wastewater before being discharged. (author)

[en] In the article attention is paid to improving the efficiency of production of fine powders, in particular Portland cement clinker. The questions of Portland cement clinker grinding in closed circuit ball mills. Noted that the main task of modeling the grinding process is predicting the granulometric composition of the finished product taking into account constructive and technological parameters used ball mill and separator. It is shown that the most complete and informative characterization of the grinding process in a ball mill is a grinding matrix taking into account the transformation of grain composition inside the mill drum. Shows how the relative mass fraction of the particles of crushed material, get to corresponding fraction. Noted, that the actual task of reconstruction of the matrix of grinding on the experimental data obtained in the real operating installations. On the basis of experimental data obtained on industrial installations, using matrix method to determine the kinetics of the grinding process in closed circuit ball mills. The calculation method of the conversion of the grain composition of the crushed material along the mill drum developed. Taking into account the proposed approach can be optimized processing methods to improve the manufacturing process of Portland cement clinker. (paper)

[en] The prospects of application in ball mills for grinding cement clinker with inclined partitions are shown. It is noted that ball mills with inclined partitions are more effective. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the power consumed by a ball mill with inclined inter-chamber partitions in which an axial movement of the ball load takes place. The boundary conditions in which the ball load is located are determined. The equations of bounding the grinding load are determined. The behavior of a grinding load is considered in view of the characteristic cross sections. The coordinates of the centers of gravity of the grinding load with a definite step and the shape of the cross sections are determined. It is theoretically shown that grinding load in some parts of the ball mill not only consumes, but also helps to rotate the ball mill. Methods for calculating complex analytical expressions for determining the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the grinding load under the conditions of its longitudinal motion have developed. The carried out researches allow to approach from the general positions to research of behavior of a grinding load in the ball mills equipped with various in-mill devices. (paper)

[en] The entropy of formation for Ag_xIn_1-x liquid alloys has been system systematically investigated by using the perturbation theory up to first order. The interionic interactions as one of the basic ingredients are described by a local model psudopotential. Since the metals forming the concerned alloys are less simple in nature the effect of the sp-d hybridization is appropriately taken into account through the interionic. Results of our calculations across the full range of Ag concentrations are found to be in good agreement with the available experiment data