[en] This report summarizes the information reported for calendar year 1978 by all NRC licensees to the Commission's centralized repository of personnel occupational radiation exposure information. The bulk of the information in the report is derived from annual reports that were required to be submitted by all NRC licensees pursuant to 10CFR 20.407. Previously only certain categories - commercial nuclear power reactors, industrial radiographers, fuel fabricators and processors and commercial distributors of byproduct materials - of NRC licensees had submitted such reports. The requirement of 10CFR 20.408 for the submission of termination reports continued to apply to only these four categories, and some analysis of the data contained in these reports is also presented. A brief description of personnel overexposures reported by NRC licensees is included as well

[en] This report summarizes the occupational exposure data that is maintained in the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Radiation Exposure Information and Reports System (REIRS). The bulk of the information contained in the report was extracted from the 1982 and 1983 annual statistical reports submitted by seven categories of NRC licensees subject to the reporting requirements of 10 CFR Section 20.407. These seven categories of licensees also submit personal identification and exposure information for terminating employees pursuant to 10 CFR Section 20.408, and some analysis of this data is also presented in this report. Compilations of the reports for 1982 indicated that some 154,000 individuals were monitored, 94,000 of whom received a measurable dose. The collective dose incurred by these individuals was calculated to be 57,000 man-rems, and the average measurable dose was found to be 0.60 rem. 6 refs., 7 figs., 13 tabs

[en] This report summarizes the occupational exposure data that is maintained in the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Radiation Exposure Information and Reports System (REIRS). This report is usually published on an annual basis and is available at all NRC public document rooms. The bulk of the information contained in the report was extracted from annual statistical reports submitted by all NRC licensees subject to the reporting requirements of 10 CFR 20.407. Four categories of licensees - operating nuclear power reactors, fuel fabricators and reprocessors, industrial radiographers, and manufacturers and distributors of specified quantities of byproduct materials - also submit personal identification and exposure information for terminating employees pursuant to 10 CFR 20.408, and some analysis of this data is also presented in this report

[en] This annual report is published by the Safety Directorate of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and provides information on radioactive discharges from its sites. The Culcheth site was closed and then redeveloped during the end of 1993 and the Springfields site became part of BNFL in October 1994. No operations involving the need to discharge radioactivity are undertaken at the Risley site. After discussions with the Authorising Departments at that time, the discharge authorisations were revoked on 1 July 1994. These sites are therefore no longer included in this report. UKAEA has published annual radioactive waste discharges and associated monitoring results since 1963. This report is intended to give a relatively short factual overview of UKAEA waste discharge and disposal, and its impact on the environment. Additional information may be found in annual discharge reports published by the individual UKAEA establishments and the UKAEA Report on Safety and the Environment 1996-97 due to be issued at the end of September 1997. (UK)

[en] This report gives details of the radioactive solid, liquid and gaseous wastes disposed of by the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) in 1995 and summarises the results of environmental surveys designed to monitor their impact. (author)

[en] A description is given of the Two-Phase Pump Performance Project Test Facility, which is located at the Kreisinger Development Laboratory of Combustion Engineering, Inc., in Windsor, Connecticut. The text outlines and describes the physical system which constitutes the facility, as well as the specific pump being tested in the EPRI program. Considerable emphasis is given to a description of the test instrumentation and calibration, and to the procedures for data acquisition and acceptance

[en] Advances in high-performance computational capabilities enable scientific simulations with increasingly realistic physical representations. This situation is especially true of turbulent combustion involving multiscale interactions between turbulent flow, complex chemical reaction, and scalar transport. A fundamental understanding of combustion processes is crucial to the development and optimization of next-generation combustion technologies operating with alternative fuels, at higher pressures, and under less stable operating conditions, such as highly dilute, stratified mixtures. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent combustion resolving all flow and chemical features in canonical configurations are used to improve fundamental understanding of complex flow processes and to provide a database for the development and validation of combustion models. A description of the DNS solver and its optimization for use in massively parallel simulations is presented. Recent DNS results from a series of three combustion configurations are presented: soot formation and transport in a nonpremixed ethylene jet flame, the effect of fuel stratification in methane Bunsen flames, and extinction and reignition processes in nonpremixed ethylene jet flames

[en] The Stochastic Fields approach is an effective way to implement transported Probability Density Function modelling into Large Eddy Simulation of turbulent combustion. In premixed turbulent combustion however, thin flame-like structures arise in the solution of the Stochastic Fields equations that require grid spacing much finer than the filter scale used for the Large Eddy Simulation. The conventional approach of using grid spacing equal to the filter scale yields substantial numerical error, whereas using grid spacing much finer than the filter length scale is computationally-unaffordable for most industrially-relevant combustion systems. A Thickened Stochastic Fields approach is developed in this study in order to provide physically-accurate and numerically-converged solutions of the Stochastic Fields equations with reduced compute time. The Thickened Stochastic Fields formulation bridges between the conventional Stochastic Fields and conventional Thickened-Flame approaches depending on the numerical grid spacing utilised. One-dimensional Stochastic Fields simulations of freely-propagating turbulent premixed flames are used in order to obtain criteria for the thickening factor required, as a function of relevant physical and numerical parameters, and to obtain a model for an efficiency function that accounts for the loss of resolved flame surface area caused by applying the thickening transformation to the Stochastic Fields equations. The Thickened Stochastic Fields formulation is tested by performing LES of a laboratory premixed Bunsen flame. The results demonstrate that the Thickened Stochastic Fields method produces accurate predictions even when using a grid spacing equal to the filter scale. The present development therefore facilitates the accurate application of the Stochastic Fields approach to industrially-relevant combustion systems.

[en] A method for achieving good position resolution of low-intensity electron signals using a microchannel plate resistive anode detector is demonstrated. Electron events at a rate of 7 counts s"−"1 are detected using a Z-stack microchannel plate. The dependence of position resolution on both the distance and the potential difference between the microchannel plate and resistive anode is investigated. Using standard commercial electronics, a measured position resolution of 170 μm (FWHM) is obtained, which corresponds to an intrinsic resolution of 157 μm (FWHM)

[en] The spatial resolution requirements of the Stochastic Fields probability density function approach are investigated in the context of turbulent premixed combustion simulation. The Stochastic Fields approach is an attractive way to implement a transported Probability Density Function modelling framework into Large Eddy Simulations of turbulent combustion. In premixed combustion LES, the numerical grid should resolve flame-like structures that arise from solution of the Stochastic Fields equation. Through analysis of Stochastic Fields simulations of a freely-propagating planar turbulent premixed flame, it is shown that the flame-like structures in the Stochastic Fields simulations can be orders of magnitude narrower than the LES filter length scale. The under-resolution is worst for low Karlovitz number combustion, where the thickness of the Stochastic Fields flame structures is on the order of the laminar flame thickness. The effect of resolution on LES predictions is then assessed by performing LES of a laboratory Bunsen flame and comparing the effect of refining the grid spacing and filter length scale independently. The usual practice of setting the LES filter length scale equal to grid spacing leads to severe under-resolution and numerical thickening of the flame, and to substantial error in the turbulent flame speed. The numerical resolution required for accurate solution of the Stochastic Fields equations is prohibitive for many practical applications involving high-pressure premixed combustion. This motivates development of a Thickened Stochastic Fields approach (Picciani et al. Flow Turbul. Combust. X, YYY (2018) in order to ensure the numerical accuracy of Stochastic Fields simulations.