[en] Testimony by a former inspector relates the ineffectiveness and deficiencies of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspections to Iraq's controversial nuclear program. He notes that all Iraqi inspections since 1976 were conducted by Soviet and Hungarian nationals and that the procedures require prior notice, limited authority, and other loopholes that permit numerous opportunities for materials to be diverted to facilities not subject to inspection. Granting that IAEA inspections are essential, he urges removing some of the constraints that permit noncooperating nations to thwart the intent of the Non-Proliferation Treaty

[en] The term scheme of the nucleus ¹⁷⁹Hf was studied by following reactions: ¹⁷⁸Hf(n, γ)¹⁷⁹Hf: Study of secondary and primary gamma transitions after thermal neutron capture by crystal and pair spectrometer. ¹⁷⁸Hf(n, e^-)¹⁷⁹Hf: Measurement of the conversion electrons. ¹⁷⁸Hf (d, p)¹⁷⁹Hf: Proton measurement at 15 MeV and 23 MeV deuteron energy. ¹⁸⁰Hf(d, t)¹⁷⁹Hf: Tritium measurement at 15 MeV deuteron energy. The term scheme above 1 MeV was essentially extended. Hereby several rotational and vibrational bands were found and assigned to the corresponding Nilsson configurations. For many levels for the first time spin and parity were determined. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] The design of the UP3 reprocessing plant which will be in operation in 1988 ensures plant availability through remote maintenance of all equipment where necessary, especially through the use of a mobile equipment replacement cask (MERC). Two types of MERC were developed: a) the sliding hatch MERC for large standard process equipment and solid waste drums, and b) the revolving MERC for smaller equipment. The use of the MERCs constitutes an innovative approach compared to existing plants. This maintenance concept provides advantages with respect to waste management by limiting the waste produced from the maintenance operations to discarded equipment, thus reducing secondary waste

[en] After introductory remarks concerning the energy crisis in general, Mr. Reardon treated the following subjects specifically: the nuclear power plant initiative; present and projected demand for electrical power in California; factors influencing demand for electricity; present and projected sources for electrical energy generation; an economic comparison of nuclear, coal, and oil; and the near-, mid-, and long-term economic effects of passage of the nuclear initiative. Summarizing, in a concluding chapter, Mr. Reardon stated that passage of the initiative would cost Californians over the next twenty years about $40 billion. The development of alternative energy sources would require massive expenditures, but the development is more constrained by lack of technology than by dollars. He listed other impacts of concern to Californians, assuming passage of the initiative as: (1) environmental effects of further increased use of oil and coal; (2) increased dependence upon uncertain foreign oil suppliers; (3) accelerated depletion of domestic petroleum resources; (4) slowdown in the substitution of electricity for oil and natural gas; (5) cutback on plans for construction of mass transit and water pollution control facilities; (6) restrictions in economic growth; (7) inability of utilities to meet capital demands for replacement capacity; (8) increased unemployment resulting from relocation of industry; and (9) fiscal hardships on lower- and fixed-income citizens

[en] The decay of the low-lying states of ¹⁷⁸Hf was investigated using: (1) high-resolution curved crystal spectrometry of the secondary γ-rays using the GAMS-1 and GAMS 2/3 facilities at the ILL, (2) measurements of the secondary (n,e^-) transitions using the Electron Spectrometer BILL at the ILL, (3) measurements of the primary γ-transitions following thermal neutron capture with the pair-spectrometer at the ILL, and (4) Average Resonance Capture (ARC) measurements at the neutron energies of 2 keV and 24 keV, using the tailored beam facilities at BNL. A level scheme including 69 levels and 270 transitions up to an excitation energy of 2.1 MeV was constructed. Most of the levels were ordered in 18 different rotational bands. The levels assigned to rotational bands, along with the deexcitation modes of the γ-band (inset), are displayed. The level scheme of ¹⁷⁸Hf seems to be complete below 2 MeV for spins between 2 and 5

[en] Experiments like the ATLAS detector at the HL-LHC or detectors at future hadron colliders need muon detectors with excellent momentum resolution at the percent level up to the TeV scale both at the trigger and the offline reconstruction level. This requires muon tracking chambers with high spatial resolution even at the highest background fluxes. Drift-tube chambers are the most cost effective technology for the instrumentation of large-area muon systems providing the required high rate capability and three-dimensional spatial resolution. Thanks to the advances in analog and digital electronics, modern drift-tube chambers can be used in stand-alone mode up to the highest background rates providing event times and second coordinates without the necessity of additonal trigger chambers. New key developments in the integrated front-end electronics are active baseline restoration of the shaped signal and picosecond time-to-digital converters for second coordinate measurement with double-sided readout of the tubes. Self-triggered operation has become possible using modern high-performance FPGAs allowing for real-time pattern recognition and track reconstruction.

[en] The authors call attention to important discoveries and events on the basis of which power-station engineering has been able to develop in the last 100 years. By using examples of installations which have been constructed they describe the present state of power-station engineering up to the present time. Criteria for the assessment of power stations at present and in the future are, in addition to availability, realistic prices and protection of the environment. (orig.)

[en] The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a new, quick, non-destructive measuring method in industry, since routine spectrometers are at hand for various applications. Physical fundamentals are explained and examples of application in the analytical examination of foodstuffs are introduced. (author)

[en] On the basis of a brief description of the structure of the power control system of the nuclear power station Nord 1 the optimization criteria used for adjusting the reactor power control system in commissioning are presented, followed by an explanation of the content of the mathematical predeterminations. (author)