[en] The possible applications are discussed of radionuclides in the diagnosis of eye and orbital tumors, in the determination of the cerebrovascular blood flow disturbances and in the scintigraphy of the lacrimal ducts. In view of the small size of the eye, special Geiger-Mueller tubes and semiconductor detectors, especially Li-drifted silicon detectors complete with microcollimators if required, are used for examinations. The choice of a suitable radiopharmaceutical containing a short-lived radionuclide is essential. Phosphorus 32, iodine(131)-diiodofluorescein, technetium(99m)-pertechnate and chloroquine iodinated with ¹³¹I are mainly used for tumor diagnosis. Technetium 99m in the form of pertechnate is mainly used for the study of the cerebrovascular blood flow and the lacrimal duct scintigraphy. Examinations using radionuclides has a number of advantages over contrast radiography. (Ha)

[en] It is shown that the use of ionizing radiation allows healing the conditions which are uncurable using other means. Beta radiation therapy is suitable for grave eye conditions in which eyesight is endangered. It is not recommended in cases when other methods are available. The application of local cobalt radiators is only indicated in neoplastic diseases endangering both the eyesight and the life of the patient. (Ha)

[en] The first clinical experiences are described with measurements of the intraocular fluid flow by means of contactly applied ²²NaCl and external gamma rays detectors. In various types of glaucoma considerable differences in the speed of the intraocular fluid outflow have been observed. Half-time of outflow in open angle glaucoma was significantly prolonged in corellation with the increasing age of patients. Half-time of the outflow was markedly accelerated after the performed fistulizing antiglaucomatous operations. (author)

[en] Out of 124 CT (computerized tomography) examinations made by the Ophtalmological Department of the Regional Hospital in Usti nad Labem during the last threee years, in 10 cases orbits with the presence of intraocular foreign bodies were examined. Experience is reported assembled during the mentioned applications of CT in the diagnosis of intraocular foreign bodies. Advantages but also certain limitations are discussed of the localization of foreign bodies using CT. In two out of 10 cases the foreign body was located by CT incorrectly. In the remaning eight cases the CT examination was a great asset and contributed greatly to successful operation (50% of patients with vision of 6/6). (author). 13 figs., 1 tab., 10 refs

[en] The first results of this new method are reported. A paperstripe saturated with ²²NaCl is put on the cornea and the change of scintillation is measured with a gamma-chamber. The non-invasive method may be of significance in the diagnosis of glaucoma and may be used for the evaluation of glaucoma treatment. (author)

[en] The application is reported of computerized tomography in diagnosing malignant choroidal melanoma in the regional hospital in Usti nad Labem, Northern Bohemian Region (CS). 19 patients were examined from the half of 1983 to the end of 1978 in whom CT determined the nature of expansion, the size and localization. In one case, ingrowth of the bulb wall was diagnosed. The method was used in follow-up and in monitoring progression of the condition. The histological examinations of the said patients always confirmed the diagnosis of malignant choroidal melanoma. It is suggested that in view of the availability of examination, its contribution to the accuracy of diagnosis, and also the psychological impact on the patient, all suspect cases of intraocular melanoma should be diagnosed using CT. (author). 4 figs., 1 tab., 43 refs

[en] The experiences are described of the examination of orbita in children using computer tomography (CT). Over a period of four years 42 examinations were performed of children in the age ranging between 7 months and 15 years, i.e., 2.7 per cent of all CT examinations performed. The highest diagnostic yield was in orbita tumours. The possibilities of CT are demonstrated on examples. (author)

[en] Chinchilla rabbit lenses were irradiated using a ⁶⁰Co gamma source, and the changes in the transport activities, native weight, water content and dry weight were observed. The heads of rabbits were irradiated with doses of 10 and 20 Gy and functional changes occurring in the lenses were studied till the twenty-fourth week after the irradiation. The weight of the rabbit lens irradiated with a dose of 20 Gy significantly increased after the twelfth week and was maximal 16 weeks after irradiation when also cataracts were observed. The increased weight of lenses was caused by accumulation of water. The decrease in the dry weight of lenses preceded the period of visible cataracts. A decreased uptake of rubidium occurring during in vitro cultivation of lenses was the most sensitive marker for the changes caused by 20 Gy irradiation. It was significantly decreased as early as 8 weeks after irradiation, preceding the increased hydration of lenses by 4 weeks and the presence of visible cataracts by as much as 8 weeks

[en] The changes are described of the crystalline lens induced by ionizing radiation. Clinical descriptions of cataracts caused by ionizing radiation are given, the threshold doses are listed of various kinds of radiation, and morphological and biochemical changes occurring in the irradiated lenses are explained. Possible protection of the crystalline lenses against ionizing radiation is mentioned

[en] The effects of ionizing radiation on the eye lids, the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, aqueous humour, intraocular pressure, vitreous humour, retina, and effects of whole-body irradiation on the eye are reviewed. (author)