[en] The authors report on investigations into the impact of the rare earths (RE) as given in the title on the ceramic microstructure and the critical current density j_c in the superconductor system REBa₂Cu₃O_x. With RE = Sm, Eu, or Gd, the material is homogeneous in phase and crystallizes in platelets with maximum sizes of up to 350 μm. Material with RE = Y, Dy, or Ho exhibits grain sizes up to 500 μm, and a low amount of phase inhomogeneities. The critical currents measured are between 25 Acm^-2 and 290 Acm^-2 at 77 K, without external field. The highest values are found in systems with RE = Eu or Gd. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] The diagnosis of hyperplastic cholecystoses, cholesteatoses and adenomyomatoses requires to recognize morphological details to an extent that is only ensured up to now by X-ray investigations. Furthermore the detection of the different forms of segmental adenomyomatoses depends on the use of a highly effetive cholecystokinetic, such as ceruletide, as only a bi-temporal gall bladder examination before and after a strong cholecystokinetic stimulus will allow to recognize such alterations of the gallbladder wall. In a second clinical study on 17 patients the pharmacological efficacy of ceruletide in the dosage 0.3 μg/kg body weight (i.m.) was contrasted with the results of a previous study on 100 patients at the dosage 0.4 μg/kg. This comparison did not show any essential difference as to the speed with which the gallbladder became smaller and to the rate of choledochographies in the course of oral cholegraphy. The rate of side-effects, however, was considerably lower for 0.3 μg and thus more acceptable for a diagnostic adjunct. A far larger portion of adenomyomatoses (3/17=17.6 p.c.) was observed than in the previous study, which is probably due to a general selection of patients: in cases of symptomatic, concrement-free gallbladders, where the clinical symptoms are frequently correlated pathomorphologically with generalized or segmental adenomyomatosis, sonography, which is normally monotemporal, permits no clear diagnosis and patients are transferred for X-ray examination. To recognize an adenomyomatosis, especially the segmental forms, which impair the emptying of the gallbladder, is important before starting chemical litholysis with cholic acid derivatives the success of which would be jeopardized. (orig.)

[en] Radiotherapy at its present state is able not only to have a palliative effect - to prolong patients' lives - but also to heal single cases. At 2%, the healing quotient is depressingly low. Still, we ought to keep in mind that the healing quotient of the currently most successful method of treatment, operation or resection, is as low as 4-5% when the total number of bronchial carcinomas is considered. The chance of living longer or of even being healed is determined, above all, by the prognostic factors histology and stage. The age of the patients does not seem to be a decisive prognostic factor in bronchial carcinomas. The authors are still of the opinion that by irradiation of the patients in two series of treatments, the patients can be selected according to the therapeutic result. Furthermore, the method has the advantage that the operability of the patients can be reexamined after the first series of irradiations. In this way, at least a few more of them can be operated on. (orig./GSE)

No abstract available

[en] Computed tomography in cases of acute abdomen is a method within the framework of advanced diagnosis if clinical examinations, laboratory examinations, basis X-ray examination, and sonography are mable to provide a definite clarification of the disease. CAT scanning shows the phenomenons like pathological native shadows, calcareous infiltrations, and extrainterstinal gas which are known from the conventional X-ray diagnosis much clearer and shows also pathological changes in the mesentery, the abdominal wall, and the retroperitoneal region. CAT scanning gains even more importance at points at which, due to distinct meteorism, sonography is impossible. In cases of pancreatitis, CAT scanning allows us to differentiate the various forms of acute and chronic inflammatory changes. In the most severe form, i.e. haemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis, CAT scanning has become the most important morphological method which plays a role in determining the operation indication. (orig.)

[en] Compared with the stimulating food given orally in the gall bladder function test the administration of the decapeptide Ceruletid which is related with Cholecystokinin has the advantage of avoiding resorption disturbances in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To 100 patients with positive peroral cholecystography, Ceruletid was injected i.m. in a dose of 0.4 μg/kg body weight. The contrasting of the main bile duct was thus increased from 10% to 86%. The oral stimulating food brings an increase to appr. 20%. A special importance is assigned to the frequent diagnosis of adenomyomatoses which, with 6%, lies significantly above the 0.8% achieved by means of the oral stimulating food. More contractile segments of the gall bladder wall can cause pain symptoms which are typical for the biliary tract. Adenomyomatoses in the region of the infundibulum of the gall bladder cause colicky pains and are, as generally accepted, an absolute indication for a surgical intervention. The finding of small gall bladder conrements is often connected with a strong diminution of the gall bladder in order to prevent the small concrements from being overlapped by the non-contrasting bladder bile. Therefore, the application of Ceruletid should be considered also within the frame of the intravenous cholegraphy, thinking of the large number of normal gall bladder findings which were obtained with the oral stimulating food as the only diagnostical help. (orig./MG)

[en] For preparing radioactive plane sources with homogeneous activity distribution alginates or the propylene glycol ester of alginic acid (manucol ester) have been used

[en] Adverse reactions also appear with usual contrast-media of today in a certain extent, that cannot be predicted for a particular case. Every physician that is using contrast media should be fluent in the knowledge of necessary treatment of contrast-media adverse reactions. The adverse reactions, that are not explained in their genesis, demand a treatment depending of their kind and seriousness. Besides the basic medicament kit that should be provided with each parenteral contrast-media application, in particular the complications that are dealt with, are concerned with skin and mucous membranes as well as general and cardioavascular membranes. Their medicamentary therapy is dealt with. Above all there stands the competent and safe behaviour of the physician, that decreases in a high degree the patient's reaction readiness towards the contrast media, by means of a soothing effect. (orig.)

[en] The justification of conventional X-ray diagnostic of bile ducts is repeatedly questioned by newer examination techniques like sonography and ERC. The indication for oral cholesgraphy is derived from its high-specifity of its statements for gall bladder diagnostic, that is as high as with sonography and does not depend on the experience of the investigator. The importance of the the void exposure is undoubted with correspondence of medicamentary litholysis for calcite identification. Furthermore, Choleocystic kineticals like Ceruletid let recognize better hyper plastic choleocysts like adenomyomatoses. The intravenous choleocyst-cholangiography posesses a clearly limited indication scheme even after introduction of sonography and ERC. The infusion method yields a better compatibility of the contrast medium with a simultaneous increased representation quality of the bile duct, that can be increased by a consequent application of the layer exposure technique. (orig.)