[en] The Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC) has recently completed two tests of a high-energy gas fracturing system being developed by Western Technologies of Crossville, Tennessee. The tests involved the use of two active wells located at the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (NPR-3), thirty-five miles north of Casper, Wyoming (See Figure 1). During the testing process the delivery and operational system was enhanced by RMOTC, Western Technologies, and commercial wireline subcontractors. RMOTC has assisted an industrial client in developing their technology for high energy gas fracturing to a commercial level. The modifications and improvements implemented during the technology testing process are instrumental in all field testing efforts at RMOTC. The importance of well selection can also be critical in demonstrating the success of the technology. To date, significant increases in well productivity have been clearly proven in well 63-TPX-10. Gross fluid production was initially raised by a factor of three. Final production rates increased by a factor of six with the use of a larger submersible pump. Well productivity (bbls of fluid per foot of drawdown) increased by a factor of 15 to 20. The above results assume that no mechanical damage has occurred to the casing or cast iron bridge plug which could allow well production from the Tensleep ''B'' sand. In the case of well 61-A-3, a six-fold increase in total fluid production was seen. Unfortunately, the increase is clouded by the water injection into the well that was necessary to have a positive fluid head on the propellant tool. No significant increase in oil production was seen. The tools which were retrieved from both 63-TPX-10 and 61-A-3 indicated a large amount of energy, similar to high gram perforating, had been expended downhole upon the formation face

[en] The article reports on the problems of nuclear power stations and their financing for an efficient power economy. A reform of the legislation on energy economy and the protection of the general public by unbiassed information are also recommended. (RW/AK)

[en] Proton therapy, in particular, and ion therapy, just beginning, are becoming an increasing focus of attention in clinical radiation oncology and medical physics. Both modalities have been criticized of lacking convincing evidence from randomized trials proving their efficacy, justifying the higher costs involved in these therapies. This session will provide an overview of the current status of clinical trials in proton therapy, including recent developments in ion therapy. As alluded to in the introductory talk by Dr. Schulte, opinions are diverging widely as to the usefulness and need for clinical trials in particle therapy and the challenge of equipoise. The lectures will highlight some of the challenges that surround clinical trials in particle therapy. One, presented by Dr. Choy from UT Southwestern, is that new technology and even different types of particles such as helium and carbon ions are introduced into this environment, increasing the phase space of clinical variables. The other is the issue of medical physics quality assurance with physical phantoms, presented by Mrs. Taylor from IROC Houston, which is more challenging because 3D and 4D image guidance and active delivery techniques are in relatively early stages of development. The role of digital phantoms in developing clinical treatment planning protocols and as a QA tool will also be highlighted by Dr. Lee from NCI. The symposium will be rounded off by a panel discussion among the Symposium speakers, arguing pro or con the need and readiness for clinical trials in proton and ion therapy. Learning Objectives: To get an update on the current status of clinical trials allowing or mandating proton therapy. Learn about the status of planned clinical trials in the U.S. and worldwide involving ion therapy. Discuss the challenges in the design and QA of clinical trials in particle therapy. Learn about existing and future physical and computational anthropomorphic phantoms for charged particle clinical trial development and support. Research reported in this presentation is supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National; Institutes of Health under Award Number P20CA183640

[en] Proton therapy, in particular, and ion therapy, just beginning, are becoming an increasing focus of attention in clinical radiation oncology and medical physics. Both modalities have been criticized of lacking convincing evidence from randomized trials proving their efficacy, justifying the higher costs involved in these therapies. This session will provide an overview of the current status of clinical trials in proton therapy, including recent developments in ion therapy. As alluded to in the introductory talk by Dr. Schulte, opinions are diverging widely as to the usefulness and need for clinical trials in particle therapy and the challenge of equipoise. The lectures will highlight some of the challenges that surround clinical trials in particle therapy. One, presented by Dr. Choy from UT Southwestern, is that new technology and even different types of particles such as helium and carbon ions are introduced into this environment, increasing the phase space of clinical variables. The other is the issue of medical physics quality assurance with physical phantoms, presented by Mrs. Taylor from IROC Houston, which is more challenging because 3D and 4D image guidance and active delivery techniques are in relatively early stages of development. The role of digital phantoms in developing clinical treatment planning protocols and as a QA tool will also be highlighted by Dr. Lee from NCI. The symposium will be rounded off by a panel discussion among the Symposium speakers, arguing pro or con the need and readiness for clinical trials in proton and ion therapy. Learning Objectives: To get an update on the current status of clinical trials allowing or mandating proton therapy. Learn about the status of planned clinical trials in the U.S. and worldwide involving ion therapy. Discuss the challenges in the design and QA of clinical trials in particle therapy. Learn about existing and future physical and computational anthropomorphic phantoms for charged particle clinical trial development and support. Research reported in this presentation is supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National; Institutes of Health under Award Number P20CA183640

[en] Services of the police can be ordered for physical protection of nuclear installations of any kind and of nuclear materials transports in cases where there is danger that those first responsible cannot cope with the situation. The contribution discusses physical protection measures as a licensing requirement, the duties of the police forces within the given scope, the measures that can and may be taken by the police, the establishment of special commissions, as well as the particular provisions for nuclear materials transports. The provisions governing police services for physical protection have led to an efficient and well furnished system in terms of organisation, personnel, and materials, which guarantees protection to a great extent. (orig./HSCH)

[en] The inclusive production properties of D- and D-bar-mesons produced from pp interactions at √s=27.4 GeV have been measured. An empirical formula is given, which describes well the differential distributions. The QCD fusion model predicts D/D-bar production which is in good agreement with obtained data, except for the magnitude of the cross section that is sensitively dependent upon the assumed mass of the charm quark

[en] Defining notoriety, or the level of public agitation, continues to be a difficult venture. It was like this ten years ago, when construction of the Brokdorf Nuclear Power Station was completed. The controversial decisions in energy policy preceding the start of power operation are almost forgotten, or have been dismissed, by now. In the early eighties, newspaper archives reserved many meters of shelf space to these topics. In late 1982, the press coverage exceeded everybody's imagination. The archive of the HEW utility at that time held some 11,000 press clippings in 30 files, and this collection was far from being complete. After all, Brokdorf was a hot topic not only in Germany. News about Brokdorf was published all over the globe, in Australia, the United States, Argentina, and Alaska. It is hard to unterstand today why Brokdorf had such a catalytic action at that time, causing either complete rejection or raising the question whether a measure of energy policy once approved was to be upheld by politics. Yet, the protests launched at that time still read like instructions to anybody wanting to exploit emotions for purposes of shaping policy. Rarely has there been a similar case in the history of industry of a company polarized, politicized and, in certain phases, even paralyzed like this. This makes the 'Battle of Brokdorf' a fascinating, little known piece of contemporary controversial energy policy. (orig.)

[en] Against the background of the latest events relating to the building of nuclear power stations the author argues against the exaggerated requirements of protectors of the environment. He emphasises that the same people who today hinder the erection of nuclear power stations will later, when the capacity of the electricity supply industry is inadequate, reproach the industry because it has not been able to extend its installations in good time. The author is of the opinion that within the forseeable future there is no comparable alternative to nuclear energy which would ensure electricity generation at a similar favourable cost, and with so little effect on the environment. There can be no conflict of interest between the application of nuclear energy by the electricity supply industry and the protection of the population, because the safety aspect is given absolute priority. For the solution of the problems arising from the financing of the construction of nuclear power stations the granting of special allowances for depreciation is proposed. (orig.)

[en] A wall-less ion-counting nanodosemeter, conceived for precise ionisation-cluster measurements in an accelerator environment, is described. The technique provides an accurate means for counting single radiation-induced ions, in dilute gas models of condensed matter. The sensitive volume dimensions, a few tissue-equivalent nm in diameter by a few tens of nm, are tunable by a proper choice of the gas pressure and electric fields: nanometric sub-sections can be electronically selected. Detailed ion-cluster distributions are presented for protons of 7.15, 13.6 and 19.3 MeV, in biologically relevant DNA-like sensitive volumes of low-pressure propane. Experimental results are compared to model simulations. (author)

No abstract available