[en] The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of an acute cadmium acetate (CdAc) intoxication on the liver function of male white mice. The phagocytosis index served as indicator for the state of function of the RES-part of the liver, in particular the Kupffer cells. The enzymes glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH) were determined in the plasma as an indication of injury to liver parenchyma. The results of studies in which CdAc was combined with RES-active pharmaceuticals were analysed with a view to gaining further insights on the mechanism of CdAc-action on liver cells. The following conclusion may be drawn from the results obtained: CdAc, a stimulant for RES-phagocytosis activity, has a largely depressive effect on phagocytosis activity in combination both with RES-phagocytosis stimulants (Triolein, Pyrexalsup(R), irradiation) and with RES-phagocytosis depressors (cyclophosphamide). (orig./MG)

No abstract available

[en] High energy gamma rays, produced via ultra intense laser-gas interactions have been used to induce photo-proton reactions in various materials. The Jena multi-terawatt, (I=5x10''19 W/cm''2, 80 fs) table-top laser is focused into a He gas jet (10''19 cm''-3), generating a relativistic plasma channel, while the stability of the channel formation is monitored with a 2ω probe beam. Electrons in the relativistic channel are accelerated to energies of ∼5-40MeV and have a quasi exponential energy profile with temperatures of the order of 10 MeV. the electrons are incident on a primary converter target (tantalum) og high proton number (z), thus generating high energy Bremsstrahlung photons, which can induce (γ, n) and (γ, p) reactions in a secondary target. Specifically, secondary targets of various z (magnesium, titanium, zinc and molybdenum) have been investigated, to compare the ratios of (γ, p) and (γ, n) reactions as a function of z. Photonuclear data describing the interaction of photons with atomic nuclei are of great importance for a variety of applications, such as radiation shielding, radiotherapy and possible transmutation studies. While the majority of work carrie out using both conventional nuclear techniques and laser plasma produced photons has looked at photo-neutron reactions, it has been highlighted that the charged particle emission is as important, especially in the low z range, where the threshold energies and cross sections may be very similar. (Author)

[en] Strongly correlated electronic crystal systems marked by temperature-dependent phase transitions often feature an emergence of new structural periodicities, arising from an interplay between modulated electron density and periodic lattice distortion. We investigate the structural evolution of $\sqrt{13}a\times <!--\; ??\; -->\sqrt{13}a\times <!--\; ??\; -->c$ superlattice clusters in 4H_b–TaSe₂ single crystals on a subpicosecond and atomic resolution via femtosecond electron diffraction (FED). The superlattice clusters comprise of two six-member rings each, related by a rotational symmetry and held in position by Coulombic mode repulsion. The two six-member rings are decoupled into two possible zones, which are further decoupled into respective site-specific satellite reflections in the reciprocal space. Governed by the interlayer interactions and the electron diffraction simulation analysis, FED measurements are used to demonstrate the suppression and dynamics of the decoupled superlattice zones. The simultaneous temporal evolution of the two CDW reflection orders are assigned to the decoupled Raman-active A _g and $E_{2g}$ soft phonon modes previously reported on an isomorphic crystal structure (4H_b–TaS₂). It is found that the charge density wave amplitude mode dominates over the corresponding phase mode. (paper)

No abstract available

[en] Detailed measurements of the angular distribution of 3 ω₀/2 radiation are presented in short scale length plasmas (0.8-7 μm) generated by laser radiation at intensities reaching the relativistic level (10¹⁶-6x10¹⁸ W/cm²). The experimental results are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions based on two-plasmon decay and stimulated Raman scattering instabilities. New three-halves harmonic generation mechanisms are an identified characteristic of femtosecond laser induced parametric instabilities. These are the joint interaction of incident and reflected laser beams as well as stimulated Raman scattering. It is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the three-halves harmonic radiation is a useful preplasma diagnostic tool

[en] We present the first observation of Thomson-backscattered light from laser-accelerated electrons. In a compact, all-optical setup, the ''photon collider,'' a high-intensity laser pulse is focused into a pulsed He gas jet and accelerates electrons to relativistic energies. A counterpropagating laser probe pulse is scattered from these high-energy electrons, and the backscattered x-ray photons are spectrally analyzed. This experiment demonstrates a novel source of directed ultrashort x-ray pulses and additionally allows for time-resolved spectroscopy of the laser acceleration of electrons

[en] Lasers and Nuclei describes the generation of high-energy-particle radiation with high-intensity lasers and its application to nuclear science. A basic introduction to laser--matter interaction at high fields is complemented by detailed presentations of state of the art laser particle acceleration and elementary laser nuclear experiments. The text also discusses future applications of lasers in nuclear science, for example in nuclear astrophysics, isotope generation, nuclear fuel physics and proton and neutron imaging. (orig.)

No abstract available

No abstract available