[en] This brochure presents an overview of European actions undertaken in the field of energy efficiency. Then, the document details an outline of the most illustrative measures implemented by end-use sector. Findings are described in 11 thematic chapters, each divided into three sections. The first section presents the past trends of final energy consumption and energy efficiency, and describes the context and challenges of the sector. This analysis is complemented by a review of the main types of existing measures to highlight the actions the most implemented Europe. In the following two sections, two types of measures, selected among the most common and / or innovative ones, are described.
Source
Mar 2016; Jul 2016; 184 p; ISBN 979-10-297-0670-7; 
; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses
; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses
[en] In order to achieve long-term targets for energy savings and emission reductions, substantial savings will be needed from existing buildings. For example, a recent analysis for the USA examines aggressive strategies to cut carbon emissions in half by 2040 and finds that in order to achieve this emission reduction target, more than half of existing buildings will need comprehensive energy efficiency retrofits. Germany is targeting an overall primary energy consumption reduction of 50% in 2050 including increasing building renovation rate to 2% per year. In France, ambitious targets have also been set for existing buildings: 50% reduction of primary energy consumption in 2050 compared to the 2012 level. Multiple countries have realized the importance of comprehensive building retrofits and have begun to adopt policies to spur these improvements. For example, Germany is emphasizing grants and loans through the KfW Development Bank, complemented with building and heating system labels, a new “heating check” programme, and possible technical renovation requirements. France has established a goal of bringing all buildings up to “A” performance level (on their A–G scale) by 2050 in order for them to be sold or leased, with lower performance levels required as soon as 2020. In the USA, the focus has been on a combination of rating and disclosure of energy use, financing, and technical assistance. Focused community approaches show promise. This paper summarizes the efforts, successes and challenges, future directions, and savings of building retrofit policies in the three countries. We conclude by contrasting the three countries and discussing areas of opportunity for these and other countries.
Journal
Energy Efficiency (Print); ISSN 1570-646X; ; v. 12(1); p. 89-105
; v. 12(1); p. 89-105
[en] This study is aiming to describe and evaluate energy-efficiency trends and policies at global level. While the French Agency for Environment and Energy Management) the Agency for Environment and Energy Efficiency, France (ADEME) coordinated the project, the study was carried out over two years with the technical assistance of Enerdata. The first objective of the study is to identify recent trends in energy-efficiency performance for WEC member countries. A selection of indicators has been produced for that purpose: they are available on the WEC web site. This report looks at these indicators and analyses them by main world region. The second objective is to describe and evaluate energy-efficiency policies carried out in a large sample of countries throughout the world. All information related to energy-efficiency policy implementation has been integrated on the WEC web site. 85 countries are covered, either through a survey that was carried out in 50 countries or through a literature review for the remaining countries. This survey was completed by selected experts, with detailed case studies focused on four policy measures: - Innovative financing schemes in buildings; - Measures to accelerate the penetration of efficient air conditioners and their efficient use; - Smart billing; - Measures to improve the efficiency of road transport of freight. Beyond a review of existing energy-efficiency measures, this evaluation aims to pinpoint the most interesting experiences case studies and draw some conclusions on the advantages and drawbacks of different policies. These conclusions should enable countries embarking on energy-demand management policies to benefit from the experience of the most advanced countries. Despite the still important role of market instruments (voluntary agreements, information, dissemination) and economic incentives, regulations are increasingly used, in particular in sectors in which the market fails to give appropriate signals (e.g. buildings, appliances, and so on). Because of limited public budget, there is increasing involvement of the private sector in supporting investments in energy efficiency, through energy service companies (ESCOs) and energy utilities. The study highlights a number of innovative measures, such as smart billing, energy-savings targets by sector, mandatory installation of efficient equipment, and obligatory energy savings for energy companies. The study concludes with eight main recommendations: 1. Energy prices should reflect real costs and give more incentives to consumers. 2. Consumers should be better informed. 3. Innovative financing tools should be implemented to support consumers' investments. 4. The quality of energy-efficient equipment and services should be controlled. 5. Regulations should be enforced and regularly strengthened. 6. Behaviour should be addressed as much as technologies, relying on information and communications technologies (ICTs). 7. Monitoring achievements is necessary to evaluate the real impact of energy-efficiency policies. 8. International and regional cooperation should be enhanced. Given its broad geographical coverage and the correlation between indicators and policy measures, this report represents an original approach to energy-efficiency evaluation.
[fr]
Cette etude a pour but de decrire les tendances de l'efficacite energetique dans le monde au travers de multiples indicateurs et d'evaluer les politiques d'efficacite energetique mises en oeuvre. Cette etude a ete coordonnee par l'ADEME et a ete menee durant les deux dernieres annees avec l'assistance technique d'ENERDATA. Le premier objectif de cette etude est de decrire et expliquer les tendances des performances d'efficacite energetique dans les pays membres du CME. Une selection d'indicateurs a ete produite; ces indicateurs sont consultables sur le site web du CME. Ils ont ete analyses et compares dans ce rapport, par grande region du monde, mais aussi par pays sous forme de carte. Le second objectif est de decrire et evaluer les politiques d'efficacite energetique mises en oeuvre dans un large echantillon de pays, representatifs de toutes les regions du monde. L'ensemble des informations relatives aux politiques d'efficacite energetique sont disponibles sur le site web du CME. L'information relative a 85 pays a ete collectee par une enquete aupres d'une soixantaine de pays et une revue de la litterature. Cette enquete a ete completee par 4 etudes de cas preparees par des experts sur les systemes de financements innovants dans le secteur du batiment, les mesures mises en oeuvre pour accelerer la penetration des climatiseurs efficaces, les factures d'electricite intelligentes, et les mesures pour ameliorer l'efficacite des transports routiers de marchandise. Au-dela d'une description des mesures mises en oeuvre, cette evaluation vise a reperer les experiences les plus interessantes et a en tirer des conclusions sur leurs avantages et limites. Ces conclusions doivent permettre aux pays qui s'engagent dans les politiques de maitrise de leur consommation de profiter de l'experience des pays les plus avances. Malgre un role toujours important d'instruments de marche (accords volontaires, information, dissemination) et d'incitations economiques, les mesures reglementaires sont de plus en plus utilisees, en particulier dans les secteurs ou les mecanismes de marche sont insuffisants pour donner le bon signal aux consommateurs (batiments, equipements electromenagers). De plus, comme les budgets publics sont de plus en plus restreints, surtout en periode de crise, le secteur prive joue un role croissant dans le soutien aux investissements d'efficacite energetique, comme par exemple les societes de services energetiques et les fournisseurs d'energie. L'etude fait ressortir un certain nombre de mesures innovantes, comme les factures intelligences, les objectifs d'economies d'energie par secteur, les obligations d'installation d'equipements efficaces et les obligations d'economies d'energie pour les compagnies energetiques. L'etude se conclut par 8 recommandations: les prix de l'energie doivent refleter les couts reels et donner des signaux plus incitatifs aux consommateurs; les consommateurs devraient etre mieux informes; des outils de financement innovants devraient etre mis en oeuvre pour soutenir les investissements des consommateurs; la qualite des equipements et des services d'efficacite energetique doit etre mieux controlee; les reglementations doivent etre effectivement appliquees et regulierement renforcees; les comportements doivent etre mieux cibles, a l'aide notamment des TIC; l'evaluation des resultats est necessaire pour verifier l'impact reel des politiques d'efficacite energetique; enfin, la cooperation regionale et internationale devrait etre renforcee. Ce rapport, grace a une large couverture de pays et grace a l'association des indicateurs aux politiques, fournit une source d'information. exhaustive et originale d'evaluation de l'efficacite energetiqueSource
2013; 172 p; ISBN 978-0-946121-27-4; ; ISBN 978-0-94612-126-7; ; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses
; ISBN 978-0-94612-126-7; ; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses