[en] The first three years of this study were used to collect pre-hatchery baseline data on the fishery. The Spokane Tribal Hatchery began stocking kokanee and rainbow trout in 1991 and Sherman Creek Hatchery began stocking by 1992. The estimated number of kokanee (13,986) harvested in 1993 was similar to harvest numbers in the previous years, but the number of rainbow trout (403,277) and walleye (337,413) harvested doubled from estimates made in past years. The stocking of yearling kokanee began in1992, totaling approximately 140,000 yearlings. The yearlings were not expected to begin entering the creel until 1993 with the main harvest in 1994. As a result, it was too early to speculate on the effect of stocking yearlings instead of fry on the creel. The 1993 rainbow trout harvest escalated. The increased number of walleye harvested was believed to be from the increased angler pressure. Kokanee salmon and rainbow trout growth appeared to be similar to previous years. The growth of walleye was less than in year past, but the average size of walleye in the creel increased. The feeding habits of kokanee, rainbow trout and walleye in 1993 were similar to previous years

No abstract available

[en] Input parameters to an MHD equilibrium code include the radial pressure and current profiles. These input parameters are not directly measurable in an experiment. Equilibrium Reconstruction (ER) refers to the process of determining (or reconstructing) the input parameters (current and pressure profiles) by making observed diagnostic signals as consistent as possible with signals computed from the equilibrium. ER is an example of a broad class of procedures called data assimilation, or parameter estimation procedures. The EFIT code, the most widely used tool for axisymmetric equilibrium reconstruction, has proven invaluable for equilibrium control, and for comparisons with MHD stability and confinement predictions. The V3FIT code, currently under construction, will perform fast, accurate reconstruction for stellarators. To be most useful for experiments, the V3FIT code will need to a) run rapidly, b) be flexible, and c) be extensible. V3FIT is written in Fortran 95, and makes extensive use of the modern features (modules, derived types, and pointers) of the language. The broad outline of the reconstruction algorithm is clear: a function minimization in the space of equilibrium parameters, with the function to be minimized being a measure of the mismatch between observed and model-derived diagnostic signals. However, for the ER to be rapid, the evolution of the equilibrium parameters toward their true values will need to be tightly coupled to the iterative equilibrium solution. There are many possible algorithms for this tight coupling, and the best algorithm is not known. The code is being written in a structured, modular way, with clear and consistent data flow. Thus, modifying old algorithms and implementing and testing new algorithms will be easy. The modular code structure makes adding signal types straightforward. (Magnetic diagnostics and microwave interferometry/polarimetry signal types have been implemented.) Changing the equilibrium solver (currently VMEC) is also possible. (author)

No abstract available

[en] We present results of five years of optical (UBVRI) observations of the very high energy gamma-ray blazar 1ES 1011+496 at the MDM Observatory. We calibrated UBVRI magnitudes of five comparison stars in the field of the object. Most of our observations were done during moderately faint states of 1ES 1011+496 with R ∼> 15.0. The light curves exhibit moderate, closely correlated variability in all optical wavebands on timescales of a few days. A cross-correlation analysis between optical bands does not show significant evidence for time lags. We find a positive correlation (Pearson's r = 0.57; probability of non-correlation P(>r) ∼ 4 x 10^-8) between the R-band magnitude and the B-R color index, indicating a bluer-when-brighter trend. Snapshot optical spectral energy distributions exhibit a peak within the optical regime, typically between the V and B bands. We find a strong (r = 0.78; probability of non-correlation P(>r) ∼ 10^-15) positive correlation between the νF_ν peak flux and the peak frequency, best fit by a relation νF ^pk_ν ∝ ν ^k_pk with k = 2.05 ± 0.17. Such a correlation is consistent with the optical (synchrotron) variability of 1ES 1011+496 being primarily driven by changes in the magnetic field.

[en] Metasurfaces and nanoantennas are redefining what can be achieved in terms of optical beam manipulation, as they provide a versatile design platform towards moulding the flow of light at will. Yet, once a conventional metasurface is designed and realised, its effect on optical beams is repeatable and stationary, thus its performance is ‘locked-in’ at the fabrication stage. A much wider range of applications, such as dynamic beam steering, reconfigurable and dynamic lensing, optical modulation and reconfigurable spectral filtering, could be achieved if real-time tuning of metasurface optical properties were possible. Chalcogenide phase-change materials, because of their rather unique ability to undergo abrupt, repeatable and non-volatile changes in optical properties when switched between their amorphous and crystalline phases, have in recent years been combined with metasurface architectures to provide a promising platform for the achievement of dynamic tunability. In this paper, the concept of dynamically tunable phase-change metasurfaces is introduced, and recent results spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from the visible right through to the THz regime are presented and discussed. The progress, potential applications, and possible future perspectives of phase-change metasurface technology are highlighted, and requirements for the successful implementation of real-world applications are discussed. (paper)

[en] Using the complete KTeV data set of 5241 candidate KL→π+π-e+e- decays (including an estimated background of 204±14 events), we have measured the coupling gCR=0.163±0.014(stat)±0.023(syst) of the CP conserving charge radius process and from it determined a K0 charge radius of < rK02>=[-0.077±0.007(stat)±0.011(syst)]fm2. We have determined a first experimental upper limit of 0.04 (90% C.L.) for the ratio (vertical bar gE1 vertical bar/vertical bar gM1 vertical bar) of the couplings for the E1 and M1 direct photon emission processes. We also report the measurement of vertical bar gM1 vertical bar including a vector form factor vertical bar g-tildeM1 vertical bar (1+(a1/a2/(Mρ2-MK2)+2MKEγ*)), where vertical bar g-tildeM1 vertical bar =1.11±0.12(stat)±0.08(syst) and a1/a2=[-0.744±0.027(stat)±0.032(syst)] GeV2/c2. Finally, a CP-violating asymmetry of [13.6±1.4(stat)±1.5(syst)]% in the CP and T odd angle φ between the decay planes of the e+e- and π+π- pairs in the KL center of mass is reported

[en] In this paper the KTeV collaboration reports the analysis of 112.1x10³ candidate K_L→π⁺π^-γ decays including a background of 671±41 events with the objective of determining the photon production mechanisms intrinsic to the decay process. These decays have been analyzed to extract the relative contributions of the CP violating bremsstrahlung process and the CP conserving M1 and CP violating E1 direct photon emission processes. The M1 direct photon emission amplitude and its associated vector form factor parameterized as g-tilde_M1(1+(a₁/a₂/(M_ρ²-M_K²)+2M_KE_γ)) have been measured to be g-tilde_M1=1.198±0.035(stat)±0.086(syst) and a₁/a₂=-0.738±0.007(stat)±0.018(syst) GeV²/c² respectively. An upper limit for the CP violating E1 direct emission amplitude g_E1≤0.21 (90%CL) has been found. The overall ratio of direct photon emission (DE) to total photon emission including the bremsstrahlung process (IB) has been determined to be DE/(DE+IB)=0.689±0.021 for E_γ≥20 MeV

[en] Bone single-photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed in 40 patients within 6 months of acute knee injury where internal derangement of the knee was suspected, and the results related to the arthroscopy findings. Scan features with high sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracy for a meniscal tear could not be obtained on planar imaging. However, a half-crescent or more of increased tibial plateau activity on transaxial SPET gave a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 76%, a positive predictive accuracy of 77% and a negative predictive value of 89%. For longitudinal (bucket handle) tears alone the optimum scan pattern was a full crescent of increased tibial plateau activity with adjacent femoral activity and increased blood pool activity which gave corresponding values of 78%, 94%, 78% and 93%. It is concluded that the inclusion of tibial plateau activity of less than a full crescent and the presence of femoral condyle and blood pool activity in the diagnostic criteria improves the ability of bone SPET to detect meniscal tears. The value of bone SPET in the diagnosis of meniscal tears suggest that it could have a significant role to play in the management of knee injuries. (orig.)

[en] The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decay K_L→π⁰π⁰γ via the topology K_L→π⁰π_D⁰γ (where π_D⁰→γe⁺e^-). Because of Bose statistics of the π⁰ pair and the real nature of the photon, the K_L→π⁰π⁰γ decay is restricted to proceed at lowest order by the CP conserving direct emission (DE) of an E2 electric quadrupole photon. The rate of this decay is interesting theoretically since chiral perturbation theory predicts that this process vanishes at level O(p⁴). Therefore, this mode probes chiral perturbation theory at O(p⁶). In this paper we report a determination of an upper limit of 2.43x10^-7 (90% CL) for K_L→π⁰π⁰γ. This is approximately a factor of 20 lower than previous results.