[en] We present an imaging technique which uses a scanning photoelectron microscope to image microstructures covered with a micrometer-thick insulating layer at submicrometer depth and lateral-space resolution. Line shifting in the photoelectron spectrum caused by local charging in the insulating surface layer provides depth information. This technique was used to nondestructively image micropatterns in a semiconductor device down to 3 μm beneath a surface insulating layer. The depth resolution was 0.2 μm, and the lateral-space resolution was 0.5 μm. Copyright 2001 American Institute of Physics

[en] Different kinds of detectors for the measurement of x-ray position, intensity, and sample responses have been introduced. Basically x-ray generated photoelectrons, ions and electrons from gas molecules, and electron-hole pairs inside semiconducting devices are monitored by electronics as signal. Since better performing detectors can provide better statistics and liability of the experimental data, lots of efforts on the realization of better detectors are still being made in the synchrotron radiation community.

[en] The cyclotron resonance (CR) line width has been evaluated in the region where the filling factor *n is less than unity under the condition that *a=*b*osub(0)/2 is much larger than unity. The results show that the CR line width increases with the the filling factor *n. This fact agrees well the experimental data on SiMOS and the GaAs-GaAlAs heterostructure. (Author)

No abstract available

[en] Wilson-Mikity Syndrome, a form of chronic lung disease, is rarely developed with the widespread use of mechanical ventilaton. There has always been difficulty distinguishing it from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown. There are no reports in Korean literature about high-resolution (HR) CT follow-up of this disease. Diffuse interstitial thickening, which was noted on the initial examination, decreased, but some focal hyperinflations remained on follow-up HRCT. Further studies with HRCT will help to understand the progression of the disease, and will help to develop treatment and management programs

[en] Third generation synchrotron radiation source (TGSRS) can produce high brightness, laser-like radiation in the soft- and x-ray region i.e., TGSR is a tunable and partially coherent radiation with controllable polarization. Since no tunable soft x-ray lasers exist so far, TSRS is an excellent alternative to the x-ray lasers for spectroscopy and microscopy among others. In this report, we will make a detailed comparison between existing x-ray lasers and undulator radiation in terms of coherence and other properties. Some interesting, examples of SR x-ray spectroscopy and microscopy will also be discussed.

[en] Vanadium oxide thin film is a promising material for uncooled microbolometers due to its high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at room temperature. It is, however, very difficult to deposit vanadium oxide thin films having a high temperature coefficient of resistance and low resistance because of the process limits in microbolometer fabrication. We present a novel fabrication method for vanadium oxide thin films having good electrical properties. Through the formation of a sandwich structure of V₂O₅ (100 A)/V (∼80 A)/V₂O₅ (500 A) by a conventional sputter method and post-annealing at 300 deg. C in oxygen, a mixed phase of VO_x is formed. The results show that the mixed phase formed by this process has a high TCR of more than -2%/ deg. C and low resistivity of <0.1 Ω cm at room temperature

[en] Twenty-nine patients with orbital inflammatory disease (OIDs) were retrospectively reviewed in order to analyze detailed CT findings which might aid in differentiating OIDs. This study comprised 18 pseudotumors, 5 thyroid ophthalmopathies, and 6 cases of orbital cellulitis. CT scans of the pseudotumors showed various findings such as exophthalmos, scleritis, myositis of the extraocular muscle (MOM), and bone lesion. Bone lesions of the pseudo tumors, which have been rarely reported, were present in 7 cases in our series. Bilateral exophthalmos, myositis, and retrobulbar fat deposition were readily detected by CT in thyroid ophthalmopathy, and, in addition, we found bone erosions involving the orbital apices in 2 cases. In orbital cellulitis, extraorbital soft tissue swelling and lateral displacement of the medial rectus muscle in cases with ethmoiditis were the most conspicuous features. In summary, because of the overlapping CT findings in OIDs, careful examination of CT findings regarding the mode of EOM involvement and the presence or absence of scleritis or sinusitis might help narrow down the differential diagnosis. A pseudotumor with bone lesions could be mistaken as a malignant lesion, and therefore it is necessary to correlate clinical features with CT findings for an accurate diagnosis

[en] Plasma radiation from a boron-nitride (BN) capillary discharge with an input energy density of ∼2kJ/cm³ has been analyzed using a 2-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. The electron temperature and the electron density of the plasma were obtained from the recombination continuum slope beyond the Lyman series limit of the B⁴⁺ ion and from the Stark broading of the B V Lyman δ line, respectively. The time-averaged electron temperature and density thus measured were approximately 30 eV and 4x10¹⁹/cm³, respectively. However, the presence of Ca XII lines indicated that the peak electron temperature was as high as 150 eV. The spectroscopic data showed an intensity inversion between the L_β and the L_γ lines of the B⁴⁺ ion. Possible causes of the intensity anomaly are discussed. (author)

[en] Soft x-ray lasing in the C VI Balmer α transition is observed in a capillary discharge. The capillary is made of polyethylene with a bore diameter of 1.2 mm. Plasma radiation from the discharge is analyzed using a toroidal mirror and a two-meter grazing-incidence spectrograph-monochromator. The electron temperatures are measured at both the axial and the peripheral region close to the capillary wall, using space-resolved spectra. A comparison of the branching ratio in the hot (axial) and the cool (peripheral) plasma regions indicates that there is a large population inversion between n=3 and 2 states of C⁵⁺ ions in the cool (Te∼13 eV) region of the capillary plasma. Relative line intensities of the C VI Hα and a number of non-lasing lines are compared in this cool region as a function of capillary length. The C VI Hα line intensity increases exponentially whereas those of non-lasing transitions increase linearly with an increase of the capillary length. The gain coefficient thus measured indicates 2.8 cm^-1. The lasing line intensity does not seem to increase exponentially beyond a capillary length of 16 mm and the gain-length product, gL, obtained here is 3.9, which is a typical value one would expect for a recombination soft x-ray laser. The photoelectric signals of the lasing line indicate that the lasing takes place about 40 ns after the current peak in the first half cycle of the capillary discharge, with a lasing pulse width of 60 ns in FWHM