[en] The three primary objectives of the conference, which was organized by the UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment (UCCEE) in conjunction with the Environment Department of the World Bank, at Goa in India from May 4 to 6, 1998, were: 1) to share the GHG mitigation experiences from Asian developing countries; 2) to disseminate the standard methodological approach for mitigation analysis developed by UNEP and its applications in different countries; and 3) assess the role and efficacy of financial mechanisms and to, specifically, seek feedback on the Prototype Carbon Fund proposed by the World Bank. Follwing these objectives, the workshop presentations and discussions were structured in three parts. In the first part, participants from eleven Asian developing countries made presentations that were followed by discussions. The second part included the presentations by the experts from UCCEE, UNFCCC and other invited experts who presented the mitigation methodology and the issues and experiences relating to various co-operative implementation mechanisms. The third part included the presentations by the World Bank representatives on the Prototype Carbon Fund and the discussions on financial mechanisms. (EG)

[en] The actual main objective of international negotiations on climate change aims at elaborating a coordination regime integrating developing countries. The international coordination system built at the Kyoto Conference relies on a coordination system based on quantity based objectives. This architecture is more the result of successive compromises rather than the result from the deployment of an ex-ante fully-fledged vision of any actor, and its elaboration has been fully disconnected from development issues. In addition to the impossibility to get an agreement on rules for quota allocation among all the parties, this system shows irreconcilable contradictions between climate and development issues. This article aims, starting fi-om examples of synergies between climate and development, at enunciating bases of an amended Kyoto Protocol which could bridge the gap between climate and development. (authors)

[en] The biomass energy demand, supply and consumption in India are reviewed. Biomass policies and programmes are also discussed. Technical aspects of biomass energy are reviewed and an economic analysis is given. (K.A.)

[en] This report gives a short introduction to the project: Projecting future energy demand: Balancing development, energy and climate priorities in large developing countries. Furthermore, the report analyses Indian energy, development and climate change, followed by an assessment of cross-country results that gives a range of key indicators of the relationship between economic growth, energy, and local and global pollutants. The focus is on the energy sector policies that mainstream climate interests within development choices. (BA)

[en] Several new complexes of the type O₂U(dtc)₂ and their bimetallic derivatives with Hg(II), Cd(II) and Ag(I) acceptors have been prepared and characterised through various physicochemical techniques. In bimetallic derivatives coordination from one of the sulphur atoms of O₂U(dtc)₂ to the soft acceptors is concluded. (author). 10 refs., 2 tables

[en] Eight new oxozirconium(VI) and dioxouranium(IV) complexes of the ligands 2,2-dithiodianiline have been prepared and their structure elucidated by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H NMR studies. Ligands, though tetradentate in nature, behaves as tridentate in the present complexes which are all 1:1 electrolytes and are found to possess square pyramidal and octahedral structures respectively. (author). 1 tab., 6 refs

[en] This paper examines how electricity reforms in India managed to influence the responses of generating firms. Indian electricity reforms have federal and state character. This paper utilises an extensive survey of generation units in Gujarat State. The findings suggest that reforms have created heterogeneous ownership of generation units. The fuel-mix and technology choices of new owners differ from pre-reform pattern followed by state-owned utilities. The new owners prefer natural gas, sourced technologies internationally, and chosen unit sizes that follow market dynamics. Consequently, the operational performance of power plants has improved. This paper quantifies energy efficiency and carbon intensity baselines, projects their trends, and delineates the contribution of reforms for the state. In generalisation, this paper argues that energy and cost efficiency of power plants across different states shows secular improvements under the reforms, though it cautions that environmental performance would not show such uniformly improving trends. (Author)

[en] Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV) dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) dichloride, when treated with the Schiff bases derived from the condensation of salicyldehyde with o-aminophenol or o-aminothiophenol in a nonaqueous medium, form ionic complexes of the type [Cp₂M(L)Cl₂, where Cp η⁵-C₅H₅, M = Ti or Zr, L = salicyclidene-o-aminophenol (L'), salicylidene- o-aminothiophenol (L''). The secondary ligand reactions on these complexes resulted in a series of new complexes. In all these reactions the metal-ring bonds do not cleave. All the complexes have been assigned square -pyramidal geometries. (author). 8 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs

[en] Coal is the abundant domestic energy resource in India and is projected to remain so in future under a business-as-usual scenario. Using domestic coal mitigates national energy security risks. However coal use exacerbates global climate change. Under a strict climate change regime, coal use is projected to decline in future. However this would increase imports of energy sources like natural gas (NG) and nuclear and consequent energy security risks for India. The paper shows that carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and storage (CCS) can mitigate CO₂ emissions from coal-based large point source (LPS) clusters and therefore would play a key role in mitigating both energy security risks for India and global climate change risks. This paper estimates future CO₂ emission projections from LPS in India, identifies the potential CO₂ storage types at aggregate level and matches the two into the future using Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM/Local model) with a Geographical Information System (GIS) interface. The paper argues that clustering LPS that are close to potential storage sites could provide reasonable economic opportunities for CCS in future if storage sites of different types are further explored and found to have adequate capacity. The paper also indicates possible LPS locations to utilize CCS opportunities economically in future, especially since India is projected to add over 220,000 MW of thermal power generation capacity by 2030.

[en] Indian large point sources (LPS) contribute to CO₂ and SO₂ emissions to a large extent (above 65%) and to CH₄, N₂O and NO_x emissions to some extent (around 10%). The former emissions are primarily from fossil fuel combustion while the latter have agriculture sector dominance, explaining the drastic difference in LPS contributions to all India emissions. The present paper covers 509 LPS for India. These are well distributed across the country. However, there are some regions of very few LPS (like the western desert and the hilly areas of north, northeast and coastal west) and some regions of high LPS concentration (Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor, Delhi and near coal mine mouths). There is a dominance of power plants in Indian LPS emissions for CO₂ and SO₂ (47% each), with cement (9% and 5%) and steel (6% and 7%) plants being the other major contributors. Moreover, due to growing population, increasing urbanization and higher consumption levels, these LPS emissions are growing much faster than the national average. The present analysis would be useful for policy-making to mitigate these pollutants and their associated impacts. (Author)