[en] The aim of the present thesis was the study of the phenomenon of the pre-equilibrium process in nuclear and particle physics in the framework of the HS picture. From the comparison of the HS model with inclusive experiments of nuclear physics it could be concluded, that HS's can have an important portion of the pre-equilibrium spectrum. In reactions of hadrons and lighter nuclei with heavy target nuclei the dependence of the HS-induced spectrum from the target mass, the detector angle, the kinetic energy, and as far as data were available, from the kind of the emitted particle as function of the drift parameter, the maximal temperature, and the velocity could be indicated. For forward angles a qualitative to quantitative agreement with the studied data could by shown. For backward angles a quantitative agreement resulted which suggests the conclusion that this angular range is determined by the HS effect even about three orders of magnitude of the incident energy. (orig./HSI)

[en] Backward emission of hadrons in reactions of the type: P + T → a + anything, where the projectile P is a hadron, T a nuclear target and a a hadron or a light nucleus has been the subject of experimental investigation in the last decade in an energy range E starting in the hundred MeV region and extending up to 400 GeV projectile energy. The main interest in these reactions lies in the fact that they provide information about collective behavior of nucleons in nuclei (cumulative effect, i.e., the presence of secondary particles in a region of momentum space which cannot be populated by nucleon-nucleon interactions) although some authors have recently patronized this effect. In particular the consequences of nuclear limiting fragementation together with the cumulative effect can be used to obtain important information on transport properties and the equation of state of nuclear matter. Limiting fragmentation is a phenomenon discovered in the GeV region and applied to the reaction implies that in the high E limit two separate rapidity regions exist, one for the projectile and another for the target so that in each of the regions the inclusive cross section dsigma/dEd Ω becomes independent of the incoming energy. Here E and Ω refer to the kinetic energy and solid angle of the emitted particle

[en] The release of radionuclides from a backfilled and brine saturated repository in a salt dome is analyzed as a function of canister lifetimes and solubility limits. The relationship between the waste package and the multi-barrier system of the repository is discussed

No abstract available

[en] An attempt is made to separate geometrical aspects from dynamical ones in the hot spot phenomenon. We discuss the influence of the finite size of the excitation region and the temperature dependence of transport and thermodynamical coefficients on the solution of the diffusion equation. The hot spot model is also generalized and applied to inclusive reactions. The results of a comparison between theory and experiment in the 100-800 MeV range are found to be satisfactory. (orig.)

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] Backward emission of particles in inclusive nuclear reactions is analyzed in terms of a drifting 'hot spot' in nuclear matter. The dependence of the cross section on incoming energy E, energy and angle of emitted particles and mass number of the target are quantitatively reproduced in the energy range 0.6 GeV <= E <= 400 GeV for the mass region A >= 27 and a simple physical explanation for the exponential slope of the cross section is given in terms of an effective temperature tausub(m)sub(a)sub(x). Our findings confirm the existence of collective behaviour (cumulative effect) and the role of preequilibrium phenomena in nuclear matter. (orig.)