[en] The tricks and the trivia as practiced in Fermilab Experiment 1A and in Brookhaven Experiment 613 are discussed. The FNAL neutrino experiment 1A hadron calorimeter is a large, rectangular box filled with pure liquid scintillator. It measures the energy of hadronic showers produced by neutrino interactions occurring in the liquid. It is eight absorption lengths long (fourteen radiation lengths) and four absorption lengths wide. The device contains sixty tons of pure liquid, and is viewed by two hundred five-inch diameter photomultiplier (PM) tubes. It is optically divided into sixteen slabs, each perpendicular to the beam; each slab is viewed by twelve five-inch PM's, six on each side. The detector must measure energy deposits from 10 MeV (1/10 of a minimum ionizing particle in one slab) to 300 GeV (the maximum possible neutrino energy) i.e., it must respond over a dynamic range of 10⁴. The linear sum of the signals from the twelve tubes viewing each slab goes to a pulse height analysis channel. The calorimeter used in Brookhaven Neutrino Experiment 613 is optically segmented into 200 cylinders, each perpendicular to the beam, eight inches square in cross section and nine feet long. The device contains thirty tons of pure liquid, and is viewed by 400 two-inch PM tubes. This detector must sense low energy hadrons (approximately 1 GeV), typically one or two, exiting from a neutrino interaction in the liquid scintillator. The energy of the final state hadron(s) extends only to 10 GeV. However, this calorimeter must record proton recoils initiated by low energy neutrons entering the device. Detecting neutrons by their multiple interactions requires sensitivity down to 1 MeV. Again, a dynamic range of 10⁴ is necessary

[en] The physics of deep inelastic scattering induced by atmospheric neutrinos of approximately 10 TeV energy is discussed. A 10⁹ ton water detector at great depth in the ocean, utilizing acoustic signals from the secondary showers and muon, is investigated. Recent results from Brookhaven and Harvard on the sonic signature produced by particles in water are presented. This work suggests that the 10⁹ ton detector is feasible, and that energy depositions in the laboratory as small as 10 GeV may eventually be observable by this technique

[en] A study of the time evolution of a long-lived ν/sub mu/ beam is being performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Experiment 704). The proton momentum (1.5 GeV/c²) is chosen to concentrate the ν/sub mu/ flux at very low energy where all background reactions are kinematically suppressed. Sensitivity to oscillations at large proper times tau varies as l/p (where l is the flight length and p is the momentum of the neutrino) is greatly enhanced by the resulting low neutrino momentum. Transformations ν/sub mu/ → ν/sub e/ are sensed via ν/sub e/n → e^-p. An early exploratory test using the neutrino detector of the BNL elastic neutrino-proton scattering experiment will be run during 1977. A 200 ton detector for a definitive experiment is also discussed. 14 references

[en] Separate abstracts were prepared for 22 of the 25 papers from this workshop. Three papers were previously included in the data base

[en] The scale and characteristics required of a detector that will measure ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray neutrino interactions have been studied in detail. Results obtained to date in observing acoustic signals from hadronic showers both at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Harvard University are reported. It is suggested that ultrasonic particle detection is possible, currently down to the level of 10¹⁴ eV. This simple, inexpensive technique may be ideal for observing the secondaries produced in a massive (10⁹ ton) neutrino detector. Three experimental tests were performed to determine if showers produce detectable sonic signals as recently predicted. One at the 200-MeV linac at BNL used heavily ionizing protons stopping in water (range = 30 cm) with total energy depositions between 10¹⁹ and 20²¹ eV and deposition times ranging from 3 μs to 200 μs. The diameter of the beam was fixed at 6 cm (a characteristic time of 30 μs). A similar test was done at the 160-MeV cyclotron at Harvard, where the energy deposition could be decreased to 10¹⁵ eV. A third test was done with minimum ionizing protons from the 28-GeV fast extracted beam at BNL. As in the BNL linac test, the beam could not be tuned below energy depositions of 10¹⁹. Typically 3 x 10¹¹ protons traversed 30 cm of water during a deposition time of 2 μs with a beam diameter variable between 5 and 20 cm

[en] A detectable sonic signal is produced by charged particles while traversing a fluid medium. This phenomenon could be exploited in an inexpensive shower detector for the massive (> or approx. =10⁴ ton) neutrino detector necessary if one wishes to detect neutrinos at large distances from the next generation of high energy accelerators, e.g., the Fermilab energy-doubler. It could also be used in the shower calorimeter of a massive (> or approx. =10⁹ ton) deep underwater detector of astrophysically produced neutrinos. This paper¹ discusses experiments exploring the global characteristics of both the acoustic-generation mechanism and the radiation pattern. The results of the experiments are consistent with a simple thermal model for the transformation of the energy of moving charged particles into acoustic energy

[en] We detail the capabilities of a search for neutrino oscillations in a massive underground neutrino detector. A flux independent asymmetry in the up/down ratio of the two neutrino species is the primary signal. For concreteness, we study the 10,000T water Cerenkov detector of the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven Collaboration and find that the full 10,000T is necessary; smaller detectors would have insufficient statistical power. For a two year exposure, this detector provides a several standard deviation signal for maximal mixing of either species over the mass difference range of 10 ^-3 to 10 ^-1 eV

[en] We have studied the properties of, and the expected backgrounds in, a totally active 10,000 ton water Cerenkov detector located deep underground and sensitive to many of the conjectured decay modes of the nucleons in it. Identification of (2[,3=) and (4e,4U) secondaries, good energy resolution, and good angular resolution provide sufficient background rejection in the detector under construction to permit one to obtain significant information about several decay channels, should they be observed. If no events were recorded in the device in one year, a lower limit of 1--10 ³³ years would be placed on the partial lifetime for the most distinct nucleon decay modes. Depending upon the decay channel, this is 1--3 orders of magnitude longer than previous measurements, and is at or beyond the level suggested by many unifying theories. The sensitivity predicted for this instrument is within an order of magnitude of that achievable in an arbitrarily large detector of this general type, since known background from atmosphere neutrinos imposes an inherent limit

No abstract available

[en] The lifetimes which are predicted by Grand Unified Theories (10³¹ sup(+-) ¹ yr) are tantalizingly close to the old experimental limits. Moreover, they are just within reach of the new detector technologies developed for large neutrino experiments at accelerators. Therefore, many groups are now in the process of preparing or proposing experiments. This paper will present a comparative study of the new experiments. (orig./HSI)