[en] The mechanical properties and the responses of reinforced concrete structural members and structures subjected to impact or impulsive loadings are the synthesis of the respective constituent materials, concrete and reinforcement, and bond action which are strongly affected by rate effects and propagating stress waves. The rate effects, mentioned above, appear in the changes of their constitutive relations and failure criteria, and also the behavior of crack propagation in concrete. In the case of explosion, the high temperature behavior of constituent materials influences the responses of reinforced concrete structural members and structures. (orig.)

[en] The deformation and fracture modes of reinforced concrete structural members and structures subjected to impact or impulsive loadings are of great multiplicity by mainly the application speed of these loadings. It is considered that the multiplicity, mentioned above, is attributed by the rate effects on the constitutive equations and failure criteria of concrete, reinforcement and bond action and existing stress waves, because the magnitude of the rate effects and the stress waves have different tendencies respectively with the increment of speed of loadings. This paper deals with the study on the estimation of the sorts and magnitude of the responses of the reinforced concrete structural members and structures subjected to various types of impact or explosion. (orig.)

[en] The responses of structural members and structures subjected to impact or impulsive loadings are generated by the interaction between acting bodies and structures, and the interaction is affected by many factors, e.g. the relations of masses, sizes, rigidities, etc. between acting bodies and structures and especially by relative velocity. The development of the responses of structural members and structures are controlled by the constitutive equations and failure criteria of constituent materials, the relationships of cowork system between the constituent materials and existing stress waves. Furthermore, the first two are influenced by rate effects and they all widely change by the speeds of impact and impulsive loadings. This paper deals with the physical meaning of the responses of structures under impact and impulsive loadings. (orig.)

[en] The responses of reinforced concrete structural members and structures subjected to impact or impulsive loadings are affected by the behavior of constituent concrete and reinforcement which are the synthesis of the rate effects and the contribution of propagating stress waves of them. The rate effects and the contribution of stress waves do not have the same tendency in the variation of magnitude of them with speed of impact or impulsive loadings. Therefore the rate effects, mentioned above, should be obtained by the tests minimized the effect of stress waves (high rate loading test). This paper deals with the testing techniques with high rate loadings and impact, and also reports the main results of these tests. (orig.)

[en] The characteristics of the adsorption of Co ion in water on activated charcoal impregnated with oxine have been studied. Impregnation of oxine largely improved the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal (AC), although the apparent initial and final adsorption rates are not affected. Another important advantage of AC impregnated with oxine [AC(HOx)] over plain AC is that Co ion collected on AC(HOx) is not easily eluted by flowing water. Furthermore the collection of Co on AC(HOx) is not affected by the presence of Fe(III), which exists in a macroscopic amount in waste water. At the initial adsorption stage, the apparent adsorption rate of Co ion on AC(HOx) is roughly proportional to 0.91 power of the concentration of Co ion. (author)

[en] Structural damage induced by an accidental aircraft crash into a reinforced concrete structure includes local damage caused by the engine, the rigid portion of the aircraft, and the global elasto-plastic structural response caused by the entire aircraft. Local damage consists of spalling of concrete from the front face of the target together with missile penetration into the target, scabbing of concrete from the rear face of the target and perforation of the missile through the target. The engine is a soft missile that deforms during impact. An experimental research program has been planned and executed to establish a rational evaluation method of the local damage by the deformable engine missiles

[en] From recent studies, the graphitization of the carbon films prepared tom a polyimide film, Kapton, was found to occur abruptly at a HTT between 2200 and 2300 °C, being accompanied by sudden changes in structural and transport properties. Here, the correspondence between the presence of nitrogen and the changes in structural and transport parameters in the carbon films derived from Kapton films is discussed.