[en] The stress change, Δσ, generated during lithium transport through the rf sputter-deposited Li_1-δCoO₂ film was exactly determined as a function of the lithium stoichiometry, (1 - δ), using a laser beam deflection method (LBDM) combined with cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and potentiostatic current transient technique. Tensile and compressive stresses were generated during the lithium intercalation and deintercalation, respectively. Δσ varied remarkably with (1 - δ) in the single-α-phase region as well as in the two-phase region, but it remained almost constant in the single-β-phase region. Δσ generated during a real potential step between an initial electrode potential and a final applied potential was uniquely specified by (1 - δ). The value of Δσ coincided well with that value derived from the Δσ versus (1 - δ) curve (stress transient) measured simultaneously along with the galvanostatic intermittent titration discharge curve. From the comparison between the values of Δσ measured experimentally and calculated theoretically, it was suggested that Δσ in the single-α-phase region and the two-phase region originate from the molar volume change of the α-phase and from the lattice parameter mismatch between the α-phase and β-phase, respectively

[en] Due to extremely small device size and velocity scale, mixing in microchannel take place very slowly by way of molecular diffusion transport. Mixing enhancement becomes a central issue in microfluidics for biomedical and chemical applications. In this work, The optimization results and validation through experiment and fabrication. In this efficient micromixer design, it is essential to evaluate mixing efficiency with good precision. Mixing efficiency for Y-channel micromixer is measured by fluorescence intensity using LIF(Laser Induced Fluorescence) Confocal Microscope. The Y-channel micromixers are fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS). Nile Blue A is injected into the micromixer as a fluorescence dye for measuring of fluorescence intensity by He/Ne laser. Throughout the experiments and computer simulation, accurate mixing efficiency evaluation process for a PDMS Y-channel micromixer is established

[en] Migration of an implantable port catheter tip is one of the well-known complications of this procedure, but the etiology of this problem is not clear. We describe here a case of migration of the tip of a port catheter from the right atrium to the right axillary vein in a patient with severe cough. Coughing was suggested for this case as the cause of the catheter tip migration. We corrected the position of the catheter tip via transfemoral snaring

[en] To correlate the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma using two-phase spiral CT with pathologic staging. One hundred and eighty patients with gastric cancers confirmed during surgery underwent two-phase spiral CT, and were evaluated retrospectively. CT scans were obtained in the prone position after ingestion of water. Scans were performed 35 and 80 seconds after the start of infusion of 120mL of non-ionic contrast material with the speed of 3mL/sec. Five mm collimation, 7mm/sec table feed and 5mm reconstruction interval were used. T-and N-stage were determined using spiral CT images, without knowledge of the pathologic results. Pathologic staging was later compared with CT staging. Pathologic T-stage was T1 in 70 cases(38.9%), T2 in 33(18.3%), T3 in 73(40.6%), and T4 in 4(2.2%). Type-I or IIa elevated lesions accouted for 10 of 70 T1 cases(14.3%) and flat or depressed lesions(type IIb, IIc, or III) for 60(85.7%). Pathologic N-stage was NO in 85 cases(47.2%), N1 in 42(23.3%), N2 in 31(17.2%), and N3 in 22(12,2%). The detection rate of early gastric cancer using two-phase spiral CT was 100.0%(10 of 10 cases) among elevated lesions and 78.3%(47 of 60 cases) among flat or depressed lesions. With regard to T-stage, there was good correlation between CT image and pathology in 86 of 180 cases(47.8%). Overstaging occurred in 23.3%(42 of 180 cases) and understaging in 28.9%(52 of 180 cases). With regard to N-stage, good correlation between CT image and pathology was noted in 94 of 180 cases(52.2%). The rate of understaging(31.7%, 57 of 180 cases) was higher than that of overstaging(16.1%, 29 of 180 cases)(p<0.001). The detection rate of early gastric cancer using two-phase spiral CT was 81.4%, and there was no significant difference in detectability between elevated and depressed lesions. Two-phase spiral CT for determing the T-and N-stage of gastric cancer was not effective;it was accurate in abont 50% of cases understaging tended to occur.=20

[en] The SGTR is considered as a representative accident scenario which leads to bypassing the containment building in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). During an extreme situation of station blackout transient, SG U-tube integrity could be threatened by thermally- or pressure-induced creep rupture. If the U-tube is broken by the mechanisms, the reactor pressure boundary may not be retained, and primary coolant can be transferred to the secondary system. Under these sequences, extensive core damage causes release of the radionuclides from the fuel to the coolant. Accordingly, the radioactive nuclides of the secondary system can be released to the environment through Main Steam Safety Valve (MSSV) or Atmospheric Dump Valve (ADV). Therefore, to fortify the safety of the NPP during the SGTR accident, more creative mitigation strategies need to be devised. In this study, a conceptual approach was taken to mitigate the consequence of SGTR accident by generating additional paths from SG to in-containment space of dome to the RDT. To investigate its effectiveness, MELCOR input model of OPR1000 reactor was used. The conceptual design of the ICRV was investigated using the MELCOR code in SGTR scenario. The steam of the secondary system was released to the upper dome and the RDT. The decay heat removal of the cavity flooding causes the depressurization with the steam condensation. • In the future work, the ex-vessel corium cooling strategy must be investigated for the adverse effects of the ICRV

[en] The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation between the symptoms and the incidence of anatomical variant without mucosal abnormality. Out of 892 patients with CT performed for the evaluation of sinus disease symptoms between March 1991 and March 1993, we observed the anatomic variations in 82 symptomatic patients without mucosal abnormality(male: female = 43:39, mean age 36.4 years). The control group included 88 patients with facial bone CT performed for the evaluation of trauma during the same period while patients with recent paranasal sinusitis were excluded(male: female = 76:12, mean age 22.4 years). The scouis were performed with 5-mm section thickness from posterior margin of sphenoid sinus to anterior margin of posterior ethmoid and then with 3-mm thickness from anterior margin of posterior ethmoid to anterior margin of frontal sinus. The anatomic variations included nasoseptal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cells, Agger nasi cells, etc. The anatomic variations were demonstrated in 71 our of 82 symptomatic patients(86.5%), whereas they were seen 26 of 88 patients(29.5%) in control group. Our data suggest that there is a possible causal relationship between anatomic variations and symptomas. Even though without accompaning mucosal abnormalities, anatomic variations could contribute simply to its symptomas. Anatomic variants may obstruct or narrow the airway, leading to turbulating air flow or interrupting ucociliary movement, and finally may produce a series os symptoms

[en] Application of FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors to measure strain of steel roof trusses has been performed. This is to check and confirm the structural integrity of an unusually shaped, reverse shell structure made of reinforced concrete. The issue was to place sensors at proper location and compare the measured values to the results from structural analysis. It has been learned that a deliberate measurement scheme is needed in order to monitor a complex structure during construction. In this study, the measured values were within allowable range of strain, thus confirming the safety of the structure during measurement and construction

[en] Diffuse increased uptake on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F FDG PET) is a well-known finding of the lymphocytic thyroiditis. Nevertheless, a pathologic confirmation is needed in cases of a focal 18F FDG uptake in the thyroid gland. This article reports a rare case of a focal 18F FDG uptake lesion by PET, which was revealed pathologically to be lymphocytic thyroiditis

[en] Tilting of a deployed filter in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a particular kind of periprocedural complication and this can reduce the filter's clot-trapping ability and increase the occlusion of the IVC at a later period. The authors report here on a case of spontaneous tilting of an inferior vena caval filter that was associated with thrombosis in the IVC within 2 weeks of the initially successful placement of the filter without tilting

[en] The authors report here on a case of focal stricture in the common hepatic duct that was caused by ischemic bile duct injury after repeat TACE procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma, and the patient was successfully treated with a covered self-expandable nitinol stent