[en] Tin dioxide coatings of sub-nanometer thickness on glass were prepared between 325 and 525 deg. C by pulsed atomic-layer chemical vapor deposition. The sample films grown on substrates at 400 to 450 deg. C exhibited a constant growth rate of 1.6 A/cycle, corresponding to one-fourth the length of tin dioxide (110) lattice spacings. We propose herein a dry method of thickness measurement for very thin, sub-nanometer-thick films based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles using argon ion sputtering and etching time values calibrated using both stylus and optical interference methods for tin dioxide films. The preferred orientations of the films are (110) and (100), and the tentative grain size is 80x100 nm for 10-nm-thick films. Optical transmittance for visible light exceeds 0.9, and optical absorption edges at room temperature occur at 3.75 eV. Ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements of the electronic density of states are performed on as-grown films surfaces

[en] The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystal was triclinic, space group P1, a = 12.80(1), b = 16.65(1), c = 8.659(9) A, α = 104.6(1), β = 93.7(2), γ = 107.5(1)⁰, Z = 2, Dsub(x) = 1.892(3), Dsub(m) = 1.91(2) Mg m^-3, μ(Mo Kα) = 3.4 mm^-1, and the final R value was 0.051 for 3577 reflections. The coordination number of both neodymium atoms is nine, although the coordinated atoms around one neodymium atom are arrayed in a tri-capped trigonal prism, and those around the other neodymium atom, in a mono-capped tetragonal antiprism. The neodymium atoms are arrayed on a linear chain bridged by the ligand; however, no metal-metal interaction is observed. The corresponding complexes of cerium(III), praseodymium(III), and europium(III) form isomorphous crystals with the title complex, but the complex of lanthanum(III) has the formula of ML₃ . 4.5H₂O (HL = (methylthio)acetic acid), and the complexes of dysprosium(III) and ytterbium(III), ML₃.2H₂O. (author)

[en] An X-ray diffraction study of the title complex has been carried out. The crystal is orthorhombic, with the space group P2₁2₁2₁; Z=4, a=10.021(3), b=13.562(4), c=7.298(3) A. Block-diagonal least-squares refinements have led to the final R value of 0.035. The structure is very similar to that of dichloro(4-hydroxy-L-proline) cadmium(II), which has a one-dimensional polymer bridged by chlorine atoms and a carboxyl group like an infinite folding screen. The thermal behavior is, however, different from that of dichloro(4-hydroxy-L-proline) cadmium(II). The difference is likely to be due to a difference of the crystal structure, whether it contains intermolecular hydrogen bonds or not. (author)

[en] Eight cadmium(II) halide complexes with N-methylglycine (sarcosine, Hsar), N,N-dimethylglycine (Hdmgly), and N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine, Hbet) have been prepared and characterized by using their infrared absorption spectra and thermal analyses. In addition, the crystal and molecular structures of [CdCl₂(Hsar)] (1) and [CdCl₂(Hdmgly)(H₂O)₂] (2) were determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal data for these two complexes are as follows: Complex (1): monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a=7.960(2), b=13.844(1), c=6.917(1) A, β=92.42(2)deg, Z=4. Complex (2): monoclinic, space group P2₁/a, a=7.696(2), b=21.854(4), c=6.253(2) A, β=103.69(2)deg, Z=4. These structures were solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by full-matrix least-square methods to final R values of 0.043 for 2533 reflections about 1 and 0.068 for 3615 reflections about 2, respectively. For 1 the structure consists of a one-dimensional polymer bridged by two chlorine atoms. The cadmium atom is hexa-coordinated, being ligated with two oxygen atoms of a carboxyl group and four chlorine atoms. For 2 the cadmium atom is in a distorted octahedral geometry, ligated by a carboxylato oxygen atom, two water molecules, and three chlorine atoms, in which one is terminal and the other two are bridging cadmium atoms to make a polymer. (author)

[en] As the material for nuclear reactor containment vessels, SGV 49 in JIS g 3118 is mostly used, but in the technical standard of MITI, stress relief annealing is required when the thickness of welded parts exceeds 38 mm. When welding is carried out in construction sites, the annealing is difficult, therefore the thickness is limited to less than 38 mm. As the containment vessels for three-loop PWRs, the vessels of high design internal pressure and low height are desirable in view of aseismatic construction, and the use of the material of 45 mm thickness has become necessary. In order to examine the propriety of using SGV 49 plates of 45 mm thickness without stress relieving for reactor containment vessels, it was confirmed that the basic performances of the parent metal and the welded joints satisfy the technical standard and the requirements of ASME Code, Case 1714, and their fracture toughness was investigated. The chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the plates tested, the conditions of making the welded joints, the fracture toughness test of the parent metal and the welded joints and the results of Charpy impact test, weight dropping test, CT test, deep notch test, wide width tensile test of cross welded joints, limit COD, and ESSO test are described. It was proved that the welded parts of SGV 49 up to 45 mm thickness can be used without stress relieving, and the performances of the containment vessels can be sufficiently guaranteed. (Kako, I.)

[en] To measure how much very low birth-weight infants are exposed to chest X-rays during nursery, skin doses were calculated using phantoms under the same condition as that used in chest X-rays. Skin doses obtained were multiplied by the number of X-rays performed in 86 very low birth-weight infants (mean birth weight+-SD, 1163.0+-232.8 g; mean gestational age+-SD, 29.3+-3.0 week). Exposure doses per film ranged from 4.9 to 14.4 mR, with a mean dose of 6.1+-2.0 mR. Exposure doses per neonate ranged from 6.3 to 794.3 mR, with a mean dose of 170.4+-151.5 mR. The number of films per neonate ranged from one to 107, with a mean of 28.0+-24.9. Eighty-seven percent of X-rays were performed when the body weight was 1,500 g or less. Fourteen patients received 300 mR or more that may be the potential dose of radiation effects. (Namekawa, K)

[en] An X-ray diffraction study of the title complex has been carried out. The crystal is monoclinic, with the space group P2₁; Z = 2; a = 8.196(4), b = 7.275(3), c = 7.740(4) A, beta = 103.73(4)⁰. Full-matrix least-squares refinements have led to the final R value of 0.030. The structure consists of one-demensional polymers bridged by chlorine atoms and a carboxyl group. Four chlorine atoms coordinate to a cadmium atom and form a square plane. The planes extend in the direction of the b axis like an infinite folding screen, sharing opposite edges. From the trough positions in the zigzag structure, the carboxyl oxygen atoms of 4-hydroxy-L-proline coordinate forkedly to two cadmium atoms. The ligand is a switter ion in the complex. (author)

[en] Two types of lanthanoid(III) m-hydroxybenzoates, indicated in the title, have been synthesized, and the crystal and molecular structures of four representative complexes, where M = La (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), and Er (4), were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. They are all triclinic, space group Pl-bar, and the cell constants are as follows: (1) a = 12.351(11), b = 15.533(10), c = 9.250(4) A, α = 109.86(4), β = 101.40(6), γ = 62.95(6) deg; (2) a = 12.287(4), b = 15.542(7), c = 9.194(3) A, α = 109.64(3), β = 101.46(3), γ = 62.83(3) deg; (3) a = 10.580(1), b = 12.006(5), c = 10.105(2) A, α = 111.14(2), β = 90.27(1), γ = 97.16(2) deg; (4) a = 10.586(4), b = 11.943(6), c = 10.027(5) A, α = 111.11(3), β = 90.53(4), γ = 97.26(4) deg. The final R values obtained were (1) 0.039, (2) 0.038, (3) 0.030, and (4) 0.039. The central metal atoms of both types of complexes are octa-coordinated, and each is in a squareantiprism geometry. In 1 and 2, one free acid molecule is present, and the molecule is hydrogen-bonded to the oxygen atoms of the coordinated water molecules through its carboxyl oxygen atoms. 1 and 2 have linear polymeric structure, and each pair of the metal atoms is bridged by a pair of the carboxylate ligands, while 3 and 4 have a dimeric structure, where metal atoms are bridged by two carboxylate ligands. (author)

[en] Oxidation of trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)₄]²⁺ with NaClO gives oxo complex of Ru^IV, trans-[RuCl(O)(py)₄]⁺, with bond breaking of the metal-nitrosyl ligand. An X-ray structural study revealed that the complex has a much longer Ru-O bond distance (1.862(8) A) than those of known mono-oxo complexes. A facile reactivity of the oxoruthenium(IV) complex was observed: with methanol methoxo complex, trans-[RuCl(OMe)(py)₄]⁺, was formed. With PPh₃, a two-electron transfer process was indicated by the formation of Ph₃PO. (author)

No abstract available