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[en] Most isotopes in the natural environment are stable but there are radioactive isotopes. Premordial radionuclides are nuclides that exist since the development of the earth crust. Cosmogenic radionuclides are generated due to cosmic radiation (protons, electrons, ionized atoms) - for instance C-14. Radiogenic nuclides are daughter products of radioactive nuclei. Anthropogenic radionuclides are generated due to human activities. Deviations from a ''normal'' isotope distribution are used for environmental impact analysis and forensic purposes. The human provenance project was stopped.

[en] We analyze nuclear matrix elements (NME) of neutrinoless double beta decay calculated for the Cadmium isotopes. Energy density functional methods including beyond mean field effects such as symmetry restoration and shape mixing are used. Strong shell effects are found associated to the underlying nuclear structure of the initial and final nuclei. Furthermore, we show that NME for two-neutrino double beta decay evaluated in the closure approximation, M^2ν_cl, display a constant proportionality with respect to the Gamow-Teller part of the neutrinoless NME, M^0ν_GT. This opens the possibility of determining the M^0ν_GT matrix elements from β^-+ Gamow-Teller strength functions. Finally, the interconnected role of deformation, pairing, configuration mixing and shell effects in the NMEs is discussed.

[en] The paper is concerned with a unified formulation and treatment of Cosserat, micromorphic, and more general continua. First the classical understanding of Cosserat and micromorphic continua is reviewed and critically examined. It is shown that the strain measures of the micromorphic continuum as suggested by Eringen and co-workers do exhibit shortcomings which become evident when discussing the Euler-Lagrange equations of a corresponding action. Assuming that invariance of the strain measures should be required with respect to the group SO(3) alone and not to that of GL⁺(3), new strain measures of the micromorphic continuum and corresponding field equations are derived. A new unified understanding of Cosserat and micromorphic continua is propagated which views the rotation field in case of the Cosserat continuum as a first approximation of a generalized displacement field. The unified treatment allows for a straightforward formulation of finite strain viscoplasticity of such continua. The formulation is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the micro stretch tensor. Furthermore it allows for the application of constitutive laws of the unified type generally formulated for classical continua. (orig.)

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