[en] Tsunami hazard in coastal areas susceptible to flooding, although reduced (in terms of probability of occurrence), may pose a high risk. Therefore, in these areas, a detailed evacuation planning of the affected population is required as a risk mitigation measure. The knowledge and enforcement of evacuation routes may reduce the population vulnerability, making it more resilient and reducing risk. This paper presents a GIS approach for modelling evacuation routes based on the optimal path search problem, of the graph theory, which is implemented on ArcCasper tool. The methodology proposed considers the elements involved in the evacuation process, the worst credible tsunami inundation scenario (hazard extent and travel time), the number of people that needs to be evacuated in different time scenarios, the safe areas or destination points of the evacuation routes, the roads network characteristics and finally the time available to evacuate. The knowledge of those elements allows predicting some possible outcomes of the evacuation, such as the arrival time of the evacuees to a shelter and the identification of congestion hot spots resulting from the application of a flocking model which simulates the path to be used by evacuees avoiding obstacles. The municipality of Cascais was used to test the methodology proposed in this study. Cascais is one of the largest urban centres located about 25 km west of Lisbon, Portugal, with a high density of infrastructure along the coastline whereby most of the population and economic activities are exposed to a tsunami. The results, presented in the form of maps, allow identifying the optimal evacuation routes as well as the unfeasible routes. This crucial information could be used to the evacuation optimization regarding the location of meeting points and vertical shelters as well as to improve the accessibility of the areas to be evacuated.

No abstract available

[en] Maximum intensity maps (MIM) may represent, as a first approach, the seismic risk of a certain region. In Portugal, the last MIM dates back to the eighties, suffering minor updates since then, and was based on the intensity distribution (isoseismals) of the major earthquakes affecting Portugal. Using GIS, we draw a more detailed map, not based on the isoseismal curves but based on the individual observations (intensity data points). A revision and compilation of all available macroseismic information was performed resulting on 5544 intensity data points (IDP). A MIM was produced using kriging interpolation in a GIS but inserting also the individual observations. The differences and similarities between this map and the previous one are discussed. To compare with the seismic zoning presented in the Portuguese seismic code, we performed, separately, a MIM considering only the earthquakes occurring on the NEAR seismic source zones and other MIM considering only the FAR seismic source zones. These maps were compared to the Portuguese seismic code zoning. The results obtained and discussed in this study present a high level of detail and could contribute for a better definition and estimation of the seismic hazard and risk in Portugal.