[en] More than 5000 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual product nuclides with life-times ranging from 13.2 min (¹⁸⁷Re) to 31.55 years (²⁰⁷Bi) are measured in the ^{208, 207, 206, nat}Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi thin targets irradiated by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.20, 1.60, and 2.60 GeV external proton beams from the ITEP U10 accelerator. The ²⁷Al(p,x)²²Na reaction was used as monitor. The experiments were made using the direct gamma-spectrometry method based on a Ge detector with a 1.8 keV resolution at a 1332 keV ⁶⁰Co gamma-line. The measured gamma-spectra were processed by the GENIE2000 code. The residual product nuclides were identified, and their independent and cumulative yields determined, using the PCNUDAT database and the ITEP-designed SIGMA code.

[en] The thin target experiments carried out using the ITEP proton synchrotron (Moscow, Russia) during the last decade are reviewed in detail. The experiments were aimed at determining the independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals in 0.04-2.6 GeV proton-irradiated thin targets. In total, 144 targets made of 22 materials ranging from ^natCr to ^natU have been irradiated. Particular emphasis was laid to single-isotopic and isotope-enriched materials, such as ^206-208Pb, ⁵⁶Fe, ^182-186W, and ⁹⁹Tc. All in all, by the beginning of 2005 more than 10,000 yields had been determined, published, and then introduced into the EXFOR database. A fresh run of experiments with structural materials (⁵⁶Fe, ^natCr, ^natNi, ⁹³Nb, ¹⁸¹Ta, and ^natW) is under way. The experiments are expected to complete in 2009. The experimental procedure is described together with the techniques for, and results of, comparing with the similar data obtained at GSI (Darmstadt) and ZSR (Hannover). (author)

[en] More than 5000 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual product nuclides with lifetimes ranging from 13.2 min (¹⁸⁷Re) to 31.55 years (²⁰⁷Bi) are measured in the ^{208,207,206,nat}Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi thin targets irradiated by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.20, 1.60, and 2.60 GeV external proton beams from the ITEP U10 accelerator. The independent and cumulative measured yields of residual products in thin lead and bismuth targets irradiated with 0.04-2.6 GeV protons are compared with results by the LAHET, CEM03, LAQGSM03, INCL+ABLA, CASCADE, CASCADO and LAHETO codes, in order to evaluate the predictive powr of the codes in this energy region. We found that the predictive power of the tested codes is different but is satisfactory for most of the nuclides in the spallation region, though none of the codes agree well with the data in the whole mass region of product nuclides and all should be improved further. On the whole, the predictive power of all codes for the data in the fission and fragmentation product regions and, especially, at the borders between spallation and fission and between fission and fragmentation regions is much worse than in the spallation region; therefore, development of better evaporation/fission/fragmentation models is of first priority.

[en] The independent and cumulative measured yields of residual products in thin lead and bismuth targets irradiated with 0.04-2.6 GeV protons are compared with results by the LAHET, CEM03, LAQGSM03, INCL+ABLA, CASCADE, and YIELDX codes, in order to evaluate the predictive power of the codes in this energy region. We found that the predictive power of the tested codes is different but is satisfactory for most of the nuclides in the spallation region, though none of the codes agree well with the data in the whole mass region of product nuclides and all should be improved further. On the whole, the predictive power of all codes for the data in the fission and fragmentation product regions and, especially, at the borders between spallation and fission and between fission and fragmentation regions is much worse than in the spallation region; therefore, development of better evaporation/fission/fragmentation models is of first priority.

[en] The work presents the results of computer simulation of two experiments which aim was measuring the threshold activation reaction rates in ¹²C, ¹⁹F, ²⁷Al, ⁵⁹Co, ⁶³Cu, ⁶⁵Cu, ⁶⁴Zn, ⁹³Nb, ¹¹⁵In, ¹⁶⁹Tm, ¹⁸¹Ta, ¹⁹⁷Au, and ²⁰⁹Bi thin samples placed inside and outside the 0.8-GeV proton-irradiated 4-cm thick W target and 92-cm thick W-Na composite target of 15-cm diameter both. In total, more than 1000 values of activation reaction were determined in the both experiments. The measured reaction rates were compared with the rates simulated by the LAHET code with the use of several nuclear databases for the respective excitation functions, namely, MENDL2/2P for neutron/proton cross sections up to 100 MeV, and recently developed IEAF-2001 that provides neutron cross sections up to 150 MeV. The comparison between the simulation-to-experiment agreements obtained via the MENDL2 and IEAF-2001 is presented. The agreement between simulation and experiment has been found generally satisfactory for both of the databases. The high-energy threshold excitation functions to be used in the activation-based unfolding of neutron spectra inside the Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS), particularly with Na-cooled W targets, can be inferred from the results.

[en] A calorimeter for determination of the energy deposition has been developed and applied to the measurements with 0.2 m - diameter by 0.6 m -thick aluminium target bombarded by 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 GeV protons. The experimental data has been compared with results obtained via Monte Carlo simulation of three-dimensional hadron-electromagnetic cascades. The experimental data of the reaction velocities distribution on the aluminium target irradiated by the protons with energy 1 GeV are given. (author) 6 figs., 2 tabs., 9 refs

[en] Different versions of installations for transmutation or incineration of actinides and long-lived fission products are being considered nowadays; the source of neutrons in these installations is supposed to be a nuclon-meson cascade arising under interaction of 0.8--1.5 GeV proton beam and the substance of a target. ''Heavy'' materials: eutectics of lead and bismuth or tangsten, are supposed to be used as targets. In correspondence with this, measurements of the cross sections of spallation of nuclides of these materials under impact of the protons of different energies are going on in ITEP. Nuclides used as construction materials for the accelerator are also being measured. Numerical simulation of experimental results with utilization of the codes HETC, INUCLE, CEM95 capable to calculate the process of nuclon- meson cascade in the investigated targets is being carried out

[en] More than 5 000 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residual product nuclides with lifetimes ranging from 13.2 minutes (¹⁸⁷Re) to 31.55 years (²⁰⁷Bi) were measured in ^{208,207,206,nat}Pb and ²⁰⁹Bi thin targets and were irradiated by 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2.6 GeV external proton beams from the ITEP U10 accelerator. The ²⁷Al (p,x)²²Na reaction was used as a monitor. The experiments were made using the direct gamma spectrometry method based on a Ge detector with a 1.8 keV resolution at a 1 332 keV ⁶⁰Co gamma line. The measured gamma spectra were processed by the GENIE2000 code. The residual product nuclides were identified and their independent and cumulative yields determined, using the PCNUDAT database and the ITEP-designed SIGMA code. (author)

[en] The experimental program going on in ITEP is aimed at studies of neutron-physics parameters of targets of transmuting systems, irradiated by a proton beam of 24-1200 MeV kinetic energy. It is planned to obtain the estimates of the absolute yields, neutron spectra, changes in chemical composition of target under irradiation

[en] Reaction rate distributions were measured with various activation detectors on the cylindrical surface of the thick tungsten target of 20 cm in diameter and 60 cm in length bombarded with the 0.895 and 1.21 GeV protons. The experimental results were analyzed with the Monte Carlo simulation code systems of NMTC/JAERI-MCNP-4A, LAHET and HERMES. It is confirmed that those code systems can represent the reaction rate distributions with the C/E ratio of 0.6 to 1.4 at the positions up to 30 cm from beam incident surface. (author)