[en] This book is composed of three parts: (1) general courses on electron optics, electron emission, interactions between electrons and matter, X ray emission, X ray spectrometry, application of statistical methods in microanalysis, automation, (2) courses relating to particular disciplines: biology, geology, semiconductors, thin samples, metallurgy, (3) course on other microanalytical methods: spectroscopy of losses of energy in transmitted electrons, the laser probe in emission spectrography, the nuclear microprobe, the utilisation of Auger electrons, the analysis by secondary ionic emission

[en] The electron probe microanalysis of electron microscope samples is discussed. Principles and applications of qualitative and quantitative analysis are presented. The present limits and the experimental difficulties are emphasized

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[en] A study of the range of validity of the formulae for corrections used with massive specimen analysis is made. The method used is original; we have shown that it was possible to use a property of invariability of corrected intensity ratios for standards. This invariance property provides a test for the self consistency of the theory. The theoretical and experimental conditions required for quantitative electron probe microanalysis of thin transmission electron microscope specimens are examined. The correction formulae for atomic number, absorption and fluorescence effects are calculated. Several examples of experimental results are given, relative to the quantitative analysis of intermetallic precipitates and carbides in steels. Advances in applications of electron probe instruments related to the use of computer and the present development of fully automated instruments are reviewed. The necessary statistics for measurements of X ray count data are studied. Estimation procedure and tests are developed. These methods are used to perform a statistical check of electron probe microanalysis measurements and to reject rogue values. An estimator of the confidence interval of the apparent concentration is derived. Formulae were also obtained to optimize the counting time in order to obtain the best precision in a minimum amount of time

[en] Description and results of tests carried out, in air and vacuum, on steel Z6CND17-12, showing that oxidation of the fracture surface takes place and that the various zones give identical ion spectra. The differences in colour shade correspond to the difference in thickness of the oxide film

[en] The influence of boron additions on the structural hardening obtained by quenching and tempering and on the creep behavior of stabilized austenitic stainless steels was studied. It was shown that boron accelerates the structural hardening and raises the maximum yield strength. It also increases greatly the life at high temperature. The improvement of the mechanical properties is associated with the morphology and the distribution of the Ti or Nb carbides precipitating in the grains during tempering and creep