[en] The results of prediction of the radiation conditions and damage due to fire at the unit-IV of the Chernobyl NPP are analysed. The distributions of the expected equivalent dose in the case of accidental releases of radionuclides as well as plutonium and other fusion products are obtained. Some after-effects of these accidents for the Belarus lands have been studied

[en] The accumulation and decay of ²⁴¹Am formed in the reactor of the fourth block of the Chernobyl atomic energy station at the time of the accident of April 26, 1986 are analyzed. Possible pathways for ²⁴¹Am uptake in man are examined. The maximum equivalent dose after 70 years is estimated for a critical population living at the edge of the exclusion zone

[en] The total cross sections of nuclear reactions in the energy range between several MeV and several tens of MeV have not been sufficiently studied at the present time. In many cases there are no experimental data. There is often a question of accuracy with which the cross sections can be calculated using theoretical models. At the same time, these types of nuclear constants are essential for the development of every nuclear technology. In the present work, an excitation function of nuclear reactions has been experimentally studied by the formation of long-lived radionuclides from the interaction of 47 MeV deuterons with zirconium of natural isotopic abundance. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations performed within the framework of a preequilibrium emission model and the evaporation of particles from a compound nucleus. Earlier an analogous study of the excitation function of proton-induced reactions was conducted

[en] The investigations, initiated in, of the deuteron excitation functions for nuclear reactions with interaction energies of up to several tens of MeV were continued. The aim of the investigations is to obtain experimental data that can be used to determine the concentration of nuclides forming as a result of the transmutation of nuclei of the deuteron-irradiated material as well as to study the possibilities of predicting the data theoretically. In the present work we measured the excitation function for reactions in which long-lived nuclides are formed under irradiation of tin by deuterons. Calculations of the excitation functions were performed on the basis of the model of pre-equilibrium emission of nucleons and evaporation of nucleons and γ-rays from the compound nucleus using the program ALICE LIVERMORE. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of a comparison of the measurements and calculations about the role of the compound-nucleus mechanism in reactions with deuterons on tin and the possibility of using the ALICE LIVERMORE program for predicting reaction excitation functions. Thus far the only such investigation for tin is the experiment performed with deuteron energies up to 13.6 MeV

[en] Total cross sections for reactions in the nuclei ₄₅Sc, ^natTi, ₅₁V, and ^52,53,54Cr have been measured for 13.6-MeV deuterons and 27.2-MeV α particles. Irregularities in the behavior of the total cross sections for the reactions have been observed, which are known as the isotope-isotone effect in reaction total cross sections. Quasiclassical calculations of the total cross sections for interaction of α particles with nuclei have shown that the isotope-isotone effect can be explained on the assumption that there is a difference in the density distribution in the surface layer of nuclei for isotopes and isotones. A similar conclusion results also from analysis of experimental data on the total cross sections for interaction of both deuterons and α particles with nuclei according to the optical model. Parameters are given for optical potentials which satisfactorily describe the total reaction cross sections and the differential cross sections for elastic scattering by the investigated nuclei

[en] The behavior of the total cross sections for the interaction of ^3,4He with ⁵⁸Ni is analyzed at low and intermediate energies. The influence of structure peculiarities of composite particles on the interaction is considered. It is shown that the difference in the values of the total cross sections for the interactions of ³He and ⁴He with the ⁵⁸Ni nucleus at low energies is due to the break-up of ³He in the field of the nucleus. 31 refs., 6 figs

[en] Recently, the authors have carried out experiments on the transmutation doping of silicon by irradiation with 30-MeV protons. This paper describes a multifunctional unit used in the doping of silicon by irradiation with protons with energies of 8-80 MeV and a flux density of up to 5 x 10¹² cm^-2 sec^-1, deuterons with energies of 15-70 MeV and a flux density of up to 5 x 10¹² cm^-2 sec^-1, and fast neutrons generated in a beryllium target with a flux up to 1.2 10¹¹ cm^-2 sec^-1

[en] Absolute values are presented for the total cross sections for interaction of 100-MeV α particles with ⁵⁰Ti, ⁵²Cr, ⁵⁴/sup ,/⁵⁸Fe, and ⁵⁸/sup ,/⁶⁴Ni. The features of measurement of the reaction cross sections by the method of charge integration at α-particle energies --100 MeV are described. It has been observed that the total cross sections for reactions in isotopes with N = 28 decrease with increase of the mass number, while in the isotopes of iron and nickel they rise more rapidly than the geometrical size of the nuclei increases. The different behavior of the reaction cross sections in isotones and isotopes is explained on the assumption that the density of distribution of the neutrons in the boundary layer of the nucleus differs, both for isotopes and for isotones

[en] The results of measurements of the total reaction cross sections for the target nuclei ⁴⁵Sc, ⁴⁸Ti, ⁵¹V and sup(52,53,54)Cr, induced by 13.6 MeV deuterons and 27.2 MeV alpha particles, using an improved transmission method with charge collection are reported. Experimental data for the isotone pair ⁵¹V-⁵²Cr and for chromium isotopes corroborate the existence of the isotopic-isotonic effects observed earlier for nuclides with A approximately 60. The deuteron-induced total reaction cross sections for ⁴⁸Ti and sup(52,54)Cr are well reproduced by optical-model calculations with parameters derived from elastic scattering angular distributions; ambiguity of parameters for these nuclei is reduced considerably. The total reaction cross sections corresponding to alpha particles are analysed in the quasiclassical approximation. It is shown that isotopic-isotonic effects are linked to a nuclear density diffuseness parameter. (author)