[en] The paper discusses the lack of legal instruments and financial inputs in Hungary regarding radiation protection due to natural radiation sources such as high level of Radon concentration in homes. It calls for higher awareness both among decision makers and the general public of the hazards associated with natural radioactivity

[en] Radiation shielding concrete walls with high OH-radical content were studied for the Paks Nuclear Power Plant. Fast neutron sources were applied and the slowing-down of neutrons was detected by scintillation detectors. The sources were placed into pipe-conduits inside the concrete wall block. The slow neutron rate was detected outside. The drying characteristics were measured, and the effect of heat treatment was determined. The uniformity of the concrete as neutron moderator has been determined, too. The results are given in graphs and hystograms. (R.J.)

[en] The 1980 report on the application of radioisotopic methods to the determination of soil moisture and density in Hungary is presented. The problems of development and local applications (the equipment, the calibration of the devices) as well as the tasks aiming at standardization are discussed. (Sz.J.)

[en] The radon activity concentration of living spaces have been recorded by CR 39 type track detectors. They were subjected to etching in NaOH, and the tracks revealed have been evaluated by a computer program. The radon levels in bedrooms of same village houses were recorded, and the results are shown. The mean values of radon levels by population groups and by regions are determined. Geologic considerations contributing to the measured radon levels in Hungarian villages are presented, and regulatory measures are discussed. (R.P.)

[en] Taking into account the enhanced radiation hazard of industrial radiography, it is necessary to regularly establish radiation level during work. At the previous Material Analysis Conference the new dose limitation system has been introduced. This created the possibility to analyse the radiation characteristics of industrial radiography, the real measurement tasks and the valid regulations applying to them. Taking into account the requirements of the MSZ IEC 846/1995 standard we have reviewed the features of the most often employed radiation measurement instruments. One can establish the necessary measurement instrument in the field of industrial radiography by comparing experience requested conditions with regulations. (Gy.M.)

[en] New Emergency Operating Procedures were made for the Paks NPP by the leading of Westinghouse Electric Co. The Strategy Report of the optimal and functional recovery guidelines were made in the first stage of the work. During preparation of the Strategy Report safety analyses were defined. The completion of which are essential for making the developed strategy definitive and for establishment of it. These analyses were carried out by the Atomic Energy Research Institute (KFKI-AEKI). In this paper 11 main topics are specified (list of prepared analyses, in particular see in Appendix 4) which were essential for the development and working out of procedures according to the Strategic Report. During the specification of analyses the concrete guidelines supported by the presented analysis were always given; the task was also interpreted and those preliminary considerations and assumption were introduced which were used for making analyses. (author)

[en] Presence of radon in the living space is natural. Radon density depends on the radium/uranium density in the soil, but there are many other factors that determines the radon density. Most authors suppose that radon concentration is the result of many independent effects which must result in a so called lognormal distribution. All other statements are based on this hypothesis. The paper gives analysis of radon density data in 15000 flats in Hungary and proves the hypothesis. Furthermore, gives radon concentration dependence according to the flats' regional and topological location and its architectural features. (T-R.A.)

No abstract available

[en] In Hungary, for nondestructive radiation materials testing purposes, ⁶⁰Co, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹⁹²Ir radiation sources have been used, in addition to x-radiation. For special radiographic purposes, rod-type defectoscopes have been developed. In their sample holder the radiation source was attached to a long rod for removing the low-activity source. In Hungary, remote controlled defectoscopes type TAK were produced. Various versions of the TAK family are described briefly. (R.P.)

[en] The use of Geiger-Mueller-counters in school experiments is very attractive. Students can see the reddish flash in the tube. They can listen to the clicks. It is easy to count the impulses by the simplest counters or computers. Among the daughters of radon (and thoron) there are beta emitting isotopes which have half-lives convenient for school experiments (²¹⁴Pb: 27 minutes, ²¹⁴Bi: 20 minutes, ²¹⁰Bi: 61 minutes and ²⁰⁸Tl: 3 minutes). In school experiments we use a common vacuum-cleaner (800 watts power), 6 layer of medical gauze at the end of the vacuum tube. The cleaner sucks air samples through the gauze for these 30 minutes. So far two types of experiments have been made by a group of 50 students of our school. 3 figs