[en] Unexpectedly, scalemic mixtures (>0% ee) show a significant discrimination during distillation. The most pronounced effects were observed for (S>R)-N-TFA-amino acid esters (valine, leucine, alanine), with differences of up to 20% ee in the fractions, as determined by GC on L- and D-Chirasil-Val. We define the kinetic enantioselectivity α_k of the phase transition on the basis of the relative rates: α_k = K_R/K_S where (K_R = -Δ[R]/[R]/Δt) ≥ (k_S = -Δ[S]/[S]/Δt). In contrast, a merely thermodynamic interpretation was ruled out by vapor pressure measurements: The boiling points of RS- and S-N-TFA-Val-OMe differ by no more than ΔT < 0.25 deg. C, whereas thermodynamic calculations would demand for ΔT > 7.5 deg. C. In the course of the distillation, a gradient of ee is built up along the column. The picture of two-dimensional homochiral domains at the liquid gas interface is corroborated by physicochemical studies in the neat liquid, including ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectra, surface tensions and excess volumes of mixing of the enantiomers. Like in living systems, non-equilibrium effects driven by a flux of energy manifest themselves in transient local ordering of the system. (author). 1 ref., 3 figs. Abstract only

[en] The two units of the Biblis reactor station are monitored by the system of the KFUeHessen. The main functions of the KFUeare to assist the nuclear inspectorate in the case of normal operation as well as in the case of accidents, to give immediated alarm in case of radioactivity release exceeding normal, to calculate radiological loads in the environment, and to measure ambient doses. Furthermore, the data measured by the KFUeHessen are available to the radiation protection experts who belong to the emergency management services in Hessen and in Rhineland-Palatinate. (orig.)